LOGOS
MEDICAL
ἀκοή (ἡ)

ΑΚΟΗ

LEXARITHMOS 99

Akóē (ἀκοή), the fundamental sense of hearing, serves as a bridge to the world of sound, communication, and understanding. From the simple physical perception of vibrations to spiritual obedience, this word traverses Greek thought, acquiring profound philosophical and theological dimensions. Its lexarithmos (99) suggests completeness and fulfillment, linking the sense to full apprehension.

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Definition

According to the Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon, ἀκοή initially means "the sense of hearing, the faculty of hearing." It is a noun derived from the verb ἀκούω and describes both the act of hearing and the organ or capacity that enables it. In classical Greek, ἀκοή is one of the five senses, crucial for perceiving the world and for communication.

Beyond its physical dimension, ἀκοή quickly acquired metaphorical meanings. In philosophy, particularly in Plato and Aristotle, hearing is linked to learning, understanding, and the reception of knowledge. To "hear" is not limited to the mere reception of sound but extends to attention, obedience, and spiritual comprehension. The quality of ἀκοή can denote sharpness of mind or willingness of spirit.

In medicine, as seen in the works of Hippocrates and Galen, ἀκοή refers to the health of the ear and the ability to hear, with references to conditions such as deafness or hearing impairment. In religious literature, especially in the Septuagint and the New Testament, ἀκοή takes on a strong ethical and theological dimension, meaning "obedience" to the divine word or "adherence" to commands. The phrase «ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν ἀκουέτω» (Matt. 11:15), "He who has ears to hear, let him hear," underscores this spiritual dimension of hearing.

Etymology

ἀκοή ← ἀκούω ← ἀκο- (root of uncertain origin, possibly Proto-Indo-European *h₂kow- or *h₂kows-)
The word ἀκοή derives from the verb ἀκούω, which has an ancient root in the Greek language. The precise Indo-European origin of the root ἀκο- is debated but is generally connected to the concept of perception through the ear. It likely stems from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂kow- or *h₂kows-, meaning "to hear."

Cognate words include the verb ἀκούω, the adjective ἀκουστικός, and the nouns ἀκρόαμα (that which is heard) and ἀκροατής (one who hears). The root ἀκο- is productive in terms that relate to the act of hearing, the quality of hearing, and its consequences, such as obedience or difficulty in hearing.

Main Meanings

  1. The sense of hearing, the faculty of hearing — The physical function of the ear.
  2. The act of hearing, listening — The action of receiving sound.
  3. That which is heard, sound, report, rumor — The content of hearing.
  4. Obedience, heeding, attention — The metaphorical meaning of compliance with commands or teachings.
  5. Audience, assembly of listeners — A group of people who are listening.
  6. Understanding, apprehension — The spiritual dimension of hearing.

Word Family

ἀκο- (root of the verb ἀκούω, meaning “to hear, to pay attention”)

The root ἀκο- forms the basis of a word family revolving around the concept of hearing, perception, and attention. From the initial physical act of receiving sound, this root extends to metaphorical meanings concerning understanding, obedience, and communication. Each member of the family develops a specific aspect of this fundamental function, whether as an action, a quality, or a result.

ἀκούω verb · lex. 1291
The primary verb from which ἀκοή is derived. It means “to hear, to listen, to pay attention.” In Homer, it is used for the simple act of hearing, while in the New Testament, it often acquires the meaning of “obedience” to the word of God.
ἀκουστικός adjective · lex. 1291
Pertaining to hearing or sound. It is used to describe instruments, qualities, or phenomena related to auditory perception. In philosophy, it refers to the faculty or science of hearing.
ἀκροάομαι verb · lex. 313
Means “to listen attentively, to give ear to, to attend as a listener.” It implies a more active and focused form of hearing than simple ἀκούω. Often used for attending lectures or public speeches.
ἀκρόαμα τό · noun · lex. 234
That which is heard, a hearing, a lecture, a musical performance. It refers to the content or object of hearing, often in the sense of a spectacle or auditory event intended for an audience.
ἀκροατής ὁ · noun · lex. 700
One who hears, a listener, a student. The term denotes someone attending a lecture, speech, or performance, focusing on active participation through hearing.
δυσηκοΐα ἡ · noun · lex. 713
Difficulty in hearing, hardness of hearing. A compound word combining "dys-" (difficult) with "ἀκοή," describing a pathological condition of the sense.
εὐηκοΐα ἡ · noun · lex. 514
Good hearing, keen hearing, but also obedience, willingness to listen. A compound word combining "eu-" (good) with "ἀκοή," indicating both capability and readiness.

Philosophical Journey

The trajectory of ἀκοή in the Greek world reflects the evolution of thought from a simple sense to an ethical and spiritual dimension.

8th-6th C. BCE (Homeric/Archaic)
Earliest References
In Homeric epics, ἀκοή primarily refers to the simple, physical sense of hearing, often in relation to the voices of gods or humans.
5th-4th C. BCE (Classical Greek)
Philosophical Inquiry
In classical philosophy (Plato, Aristotle), ἀκοή is examined as one of the senses, with an emphasis on its relationship to knowledge and perception. Plato, in the «Republic», discusses hearing as a means of perceiving music and harmony.
4th C. BCE - 2nd C. CE (Medical Literature)
Anatomical and Physiological Analysis
In medical texts (Hippocrates, Galen), ἀκοή is analyzed from an anatomical and physiological perspective, with descriptions of the ear and conditions affecting hearing.
3rd C. BCE - 1st C. CE (Septuagint/Koine Greek)
Theological Shift
In the Septuagint translation, ἀκοή acquires a strong theological significance, translating the Hebrew concept of "obedience" to God.
1st-2nd C. CE (New Testament)
Central to Faith
In the New Testament, ἀκοή is central to the reception of the Gospel and obedience to Christ. The phrase «ἡ πίστις ἐξ ἀκοῆς» (Rom. 10:17), "faith comes from hearing," underscores its importance for belief.
3rd-5th C. CE (Patristic Literature)
Spiritual Hearing
The Church Fathers continue to use ἀκοή with theological significance, emphasizing spiritual hearing and obedience to the divine word as essential for salvation.

In Ancient Texts

Three significant passages that highlight the different facets of ἀκοή.

«τῆς ἀκοῆς καὶ τῆς ὄψεως»
“of hearing and of sight”
Plato, Republic 507c
«καὶ ἔσται ἡ ἀκοή σου ὡς φωνὴ σάλπιγγος»
“and your hearing shall be like the sound of a trumpet”
Old Testament, Isaiah 58:1 (Septuagint)
«ἡ πίστις ἐξ ἀκοῆς, ἡ δὲ ἀκοὴ διὰ ῥήματος Χριστοῦ»
“So faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ”
Apostle Paul, Romans 10:17

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΑΚΟΗ is 99, from the sum of its letter values:

Α = 1
Alpha
Κ = 20
Kappa
Ο = 70
Omicron
Η = 8
Eta
= 99
Total
1 + 20 + 70 + 8 = 99

99 decomposes into 90 (tens) + 9 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΑΚΟΗ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy99Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology99+9=18 → 1+8=9 — The number 9 symbolizes completion, perfection, and spiritual wisdom. The double occurrence of 9 in ἀκοή suggests a full and profound apprehension.
Letter Count44 letters (Alpha, Kappa, Omicron, Eta) — The Tetrad, a number associated with stability, foundation, and the four corners of the world, indicating the fundamental nature of hearing as a sense.
Cumulative9/90/0Units 9 · Tens 90 · Hundreds 0
Odd/EvenOddMasculine force
Left/Right HandLeftMaterial (<100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonA-K-O-HAuthentic Knowledge Opens Horizons (An interpretive approach connecting hearing with true understanding and expanded perspectives).
Grammatical Groups2V · 0D · 2C2 vowels (Alpha, Omicron), 0 diphthongs, 2 consonants (Kappa, Eta). The simple structure reflects the direct nature of the sense.
PalindromesYes (numeric)Number reads same reversed
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephyMercury ☿ / Cancer ♋99 mod 7 = 1 · 99 mod 12 = 3

Isopsephic Words (99)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon with the same lexarithmos (99) but different roots, highlighting numerical connections.

ἀμήν
A Hebrew word meaning “truly, verily, so be it.” In the New Testament, it is used to affirm the truth of a statement, often by Jesus himself. Its numerical connection to ἀκοή might suggest the truth that is apprehended through hearing.
μάθημα
A lesson, knowledge, teaching. The isopsephy with ἀκοή underscores the close relationship between hearing and learning, as knowledge is often acquired through listening and instruction.
πηγή
A spring, source, origin. The connection with ἀκοή might suggest hearing as a source of information or as the origin of understanding, much as a spring is the source of a river.
θέμεθλα
Foundations, bases. This isopsephy can suggest that hearing is a fundamental element of human perception and communication, upon which other forms of knowledge are built.
κλῆμα
A branch, shoot, vine. This connection might allude to the idea of growth and interconnectedness, where hearing is a “branch” that connects humans to the world and to others.
μεῖγμα
A mixture, blend. This isopsephy might suggest the complexity of hearing, which often involves the blending and interpretation of various sounds and pieces of information.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 25 words with lexarithmos 99. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford University Press, 1940.
  • PlatoRepublic.
  • AristotleDe Anima.
  • HippocratesCorpus Hippocraticum.
  • Bauer, W., Arndt, W. F., Gingrich, F. W., Danker, F. W.A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. University of Chicago Press, 2000.
  • SeptuagintVetus Testamentum Graecum.
  • New TestamentNovum Testamentum Graece.
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