LOGOS
POLITICAL
διαλλαγή (ἡ)

ΔΙΑΛΛΑΓΗ

LEXARITHMOS 87

Diallagē, a word deeply rooted in ancient Greek political and social life, describes the act of reconciliation and the restoration of relations after disagreement or conflict. Its lexarithmos (87) suggests completion and a return to unity, a concept central to the harmony of the polis.

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Definition

According to the Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon, diallagē (from the verb diallassō) primarily means "exchange, alteration" and subsequently "reconciliation, restoration of friendly relations." The word is central to the political terminology of classical Greece, especially during periods of civil strife or disagreements between city-states. It does not merely imply a cessation of hostilities but an active effort to remove the causes of discord and reintegrate the warring parties into a common political and social order.

Diallagē was often achieved through negotiations, arbitration, or even by the imposition of terms by a third power. Its objective was the restoration of "eirēnē" (peace) and "homonoia" (concord) within the community. Its significance is particularly emphasized by historians such as Thucydides, who describes the efforts of reconciliation among Greek city-states during the Peloponnesian War, as well as by orators like Lysias, who refer to reconciliations after political upheavals.

The concept of diallagē was not limited to the political sphere but also extended to personal relationships, where it signified the restoration of friendship or trust between individuals. The word underscores the dynamic nature of the relationship, the need for a "change" of state from hostility to harmony. The prefix "dia-" reinforces the idea of a thorough and mutual alteration.

Etymology

diallagē ← diallassō ← dia + allassō ← allos (root all-)
The word "diallagē" derives from the verb "diallassō," which is composed of the preposition "dia" and the verb "allassō." "Allassō," in turn, is formed from the adjective/pronoun "allos," meaning "other, different." The root "all-" is an Ancient Greek root belonging to the oldest stratum of the language, signifying the concept of otherness and change.

Cognate words include the fundamental "allos" (other), the verb "allassō" (to change, to exchange), "allagē" (change), "diallagma" (exchange, reconciliation), as well as derivatives such as "allaktēs" (exchanger, money-changer) and "allachou" (elsewhere). All these words retain the core meaning of alteration, otherness, or reciprocal action.

Main Meanings

  1. Exchange, alteration — The primary and general meaning, the act of changing something or exchanging it for something else.
  2. Reconciliation, restoration of relations — The predominant meaning in the political and social sphere, the re-establishment of peace and friendship between opposing parties.
  3. Settlement of a dispute — The resolution of a disagreement or conflict through negotiations or agreement.
  4. Mutual alteration of terms — The joint modification of conditions or agreements.
  5. Reunification — The reintegration of persons or groups that had become estranged.
  6. Peaceful settlement — The attainment of a state of peace after a period of war or hostilities.

Word Family

all- (root of allos, meaning "other, different")

The root all- is fundamental in the Ancient Greek language, denoting the concept of otherness, change, and alternation. From it stems a rich family of words describing transformation, exchange, and interaction. This root, through the verb allassō ("to change, to exchange"), emphasizes the active process of converting from one state to another. The addition of prepositions, such as "dia-", reinforces or modifies this basic meaning, leading to more complex concepts like reconciliation.

ἄλλος adjective · lex. 331
The foundational word of the root, meaning "other, different." From this originates the idea of change and otherness central to diallagē. It is found extensively in Homer.
ἀλλάσσω verb · lex. 1262
The verb "to change, to alter, to exchange." It is the primary verb from which many words in the family are derived, including diallassō. Used from the earliest times to describe all kinds of transformation.
διαλλάσσω verb · lex. 1256
The verb from which diallagē is derived. It means "to change thoroughly, to exchange, to reconcile, to restore relations." The prefix "dia" reinforces the notion of complete and mutual change. Significant in political terminology for reconciliation.
ἀλλαγή ἡ · noun · lex. 73
The general concept of "change, alteration." It is the simple noun form derived from allassō, without the intensifying prefix. Found in various texts, such as Plato, to describe transformations.
διάλλαγμα τό · noun · lex. 120
Means "exchange, reconciliation, settlement." Often refers to the outcome or condition of a diallagē. In Thucydides, it can denote the terms of a peace treaty.
ἀλλάκτης ὁ · noun · lex. 590
One who changes, an exchanger, a money-changer. It denotes the agent performing the act of change or exchange, especially in an economic context.
ἀλλάξιμος adjective · lex. 442
That which can be changed, exchangeable. It describes the quality of something being susceptible to alteration or exchange.
ἀλλοῖος adjective · lex. 411
Means "different, of another kind." It derives directly from allos and emphasizes the concept of otherness.
ἀλλαχοῦ adverb · lex. 1132
Means "elsewhere, in another place." An adverb denoting place, derived from the root all-, suggesting movement or existence at a different point.

Philosophical Journey

"Diallagē" as a concept and practice runs through the history of ancient Greece, reflecting the need for social cohesion and political stability.

8th-6th C. BCE (Archaic Period)
Early Appearances
Appearance of the root "all-" and the verb "allassō" in Homer, meaning "to change, to exchange." The concept of diallagē as reconciliation begins to take shape within a context of tribal and aristocratic conflicts.
5th C. BCE (Classical Period)
Political Significance
The word "diallagē" acquires its full political significance. Thucydides uses it extensively to describe efforts at reconciliation among Greek city-states during the Peloponnesian War (e.g., "diallagai pros tous Athēnaious").
4th C. BCE (Classical Period)
Rhetorical Usage
Orators such as Lysias and Demosthenes refer to reconciliations after civil strife, particularly in Athens after the fall of the Thirty Tyrants, where diallagē was crucial for the restoration of democracy and social peace.
3rd C. BCE - 1st C. CE (Hellenistic & Roman Period)
Continued Use
The use of the word continues in legal and historical texts, retaining its meaning of reconciliation and dispute resolution, both at an interstate and personal level.
1st-4th C. CE (Koine Greek & Early Christian Period)
Koine Greek
In Koine Greek, the word retains its meaning. Although not as frequent as other concepts of reconciliation in Christian literature, the idea of restoring relationships remains fundamental.

In Ancient Texts

The significance of diallagē in ancient Greek thought and political practice is highlighted through characteristic passages.

«ἐν δὲ ταῖς διαλλαγαῖς πρὸς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους»
“in the reconciliations with the Athenians”
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.17.2
«τὰς διαλλαγὰς ποιησάμενοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους»
“having made the reconciliations with one another”
Lysias, Against the Invalid 25.12
«τῶν διαλλαγῶν ἕνεκα»
“for the sake of the reconciliations”
Demosthenes, On the Peace 15.19

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΔΙΑΛΛΑΓΗ is 87, from the sum of its letter values:

Δ = 4
Delta
Ι = 10
Iota
Α = 1
Alpha
Λ = 30
Lambda
Λ = 30
Lambda
Α = 1
Alpha
Γ = 3
Gamma
Η = 8
Eta
= 87
Total
4 + 10 + 1 + 30 + 30 + 1 + 3 + 8 = 87

87 decomposes into 80 (tens) + 7 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΔΙΑΛΛΑΓΗ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy87Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology68+7=15 → 1+5=6 — The Hexad, the number of harmony and balance, achieved through reconciliation.
Letter Count88 letters — The Octad, the number of completeness and regeneration, symbolizing the full restoration of relations.
Cumulative7/80/0Units 7 · Tens 80 · Hundreds 0
Odd/EvenOddMasculine force
Left/Right HandLeftMaterial (<100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonD-I-A-L-L-A-G-EDialogue Initiates Amicable Lasting Lasting Agreements Guiding Everyone (interpretive)
Grammatical Groups3V · 0S · 5C3 vowels (I, A, E), 0 semivowels, 5 consonants (D, L, L, G). The predominance of consonants suggests the stability and determination required for the act of reconciliation.
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephySun ☉ / Cancer ♋87 mod 7 = 3 · 87 mod 12 = 3

Isopsephic Words (87)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (87) as "diallagē," but from different roots, offering interesting connections.

ἄεμμα
"Aemma" means "something blown, breath" or "something woven." The connection to diallagē could be the idea of a "breath" bringing new life to a relationship or the "weaving" of new bonds.
ἀκανθέα
"Akanthéa" is a type of thorny plant. The isopsephy might suggest the sharp nature of conflicts preceding reconciliation, or the need to "uproot" the thorns of disagreement.
ἀμελία
"Amelia" means "negligence, indifference." The isopsephy with diallagē could highlight their opposition: diallagē requires active effort, while negligence leads to the dissolution of relationships.
διαλαλία
"Dialalia" means "discussion, dialogue." This isopsephic word has a direct conceptual link to diallagē, as dialogue is often the means to achieve reconciliation.
ἐγκάθημα
"Enkathēma" means "something placed within, an insert." It could symbolize the idea of "placing" new foundations for a relationship or "installing" a new order after conflict.
ἤνεγκα
"Ēnenka" is the aorist of the verb pherō, "I brought." The connection could be the idea of "bringing" peace or "bringing about" reconciliation.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 10 words with lexarithmos 87. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon, with a revised supplement. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996.
  • ThucydidesHistory of the Peloponnesian War.
  • LysiasOrations.
  • DemosthenesOrations.
  • PlatoRepublic.
  • Chantraine, P.Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque: histoire des mots. Klincksieck, Paris, 1968-1980.
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