LOGOS
ETHICAL
ἀπαρέσκεια (ἡ)

ΑΠΑΡΕΣΚΕΙΑ

LEXARITHMOS 423

Apareskeia, signifying displeasure or disapprobation, stands as a pivotal concept in understanding human relations and ethics. It reflects a deviation from what is considered pleasing or acceptable, often with implications for social harmony. Its lexarithmos (423) suggests a complex state, far removed from the simplicity of satisfaction.

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Definition

According to the Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon, ἀπαρέσκεια (a feminine noun) primarily means "displeasure, disapprobation, dissatisfaction." It denotes the state or feeling of not being pleased with, or not pleasing, something or someone. The word is a compound, derived from the privative prefix "ἀ-" and the verb "ἀρέσκω," which means "to please, to satisfy." Thus, ἀπαρέσκεια expresses the exact opposite of satisfaction or gratification.

In classical Greek literature, ἀπαρέσκεια is found in philosophical and rhetorical texts, where it describes a mental disposition or a reaction to actions, speeches, or situations that are not in accordance with virtue, justice, or social order. It is not merely a passive indifference but an active expression of discontent or disapproval, which can lead to conflict or alienation.

Its ethical dimension is evident, as ἀπαρέσκεια is often linked to judgment and evaluation. An individual might express ἀπαρέσκεια for an immoral act, an unjust decision, or behavior that violates community norms. This concept underscores the importance of harmony and acceptance in interpersonal relationships and political life, as the absence of ἀπαρέσκεια (i.e., εὐαρέσκεια, gratification) often constitutes a goal of social interactions.

Etymology

apareskeia ← aparesko ← a- (privative) + aresko (root ares-)
The word ἀπαρέσκεια is a compound noun derived from the verb ἀπαρέσκω, which in turn is formed from the privative prefix ἀ- and the verb ἀρέσκω. The root ἀρεσ- of the verb ἀρέσκω, meaning "to please, to satisfy, to fit," is an Ancient Greek root belonging to the oldest stratum of the language. The addition of the privative ἀ- reverses the meaning, indicating a lack of pleasure or satisfaction.

From the root ἀρεσ- stem many words related to the concept of pleasure, satisfaction, and agreement. The verb ἀρέσκω forms the core of this family, while the noun ἀρέσκεια denotes the act or state of pleasing. With prefixes, words such as δυσάρεστος (difficult to please) and εὐάρεστος (easy to please or well-pleasing) are formed, illustrating the internal morphological richness of Greek.

Main Meanings

  1. Displeasure, Dissatisfaction — The general feeling of not being content or being annoyed by something.
  2. Disapprobation, Condemnation — The expression of a negative judgment or opposition to an action, idea, or person.
  3. Hostility, Antipathy — In a more intense form, it can imply a deeper aversion or hostile disposition.
  4. Difficulty in Pleasing — The quality of someone being hard to please or satisfy.
  5. Opposition, Reaction — A stance of resistance or disagreement towards a situation or proposal.
  6. Alienation, Estrangement — The emotional distance that arises from dissatisfaction.

Word Family

ares- (root of the verb aresko, meaning 'to please, to satisfy, to fit')

The root ares- forms the core of a family of words revolving around the concept of pleasure, satisfaction, and harmony. Originating from the oldest stratum of the Greek language, it expresses the idea of "fitting," "being suitable," or "being agreeable." From this basic meaning, derivatives develop that denote either the active process of pleasing, the passive state of being pleased, or the quality of what is pleasant or unpleasant. The addition of prefixes such as the privative a- or the prefixes dys- and eu- further differentiates the meaning, creating a rich spectrum of expressions for human reactions and judgments.

ἀρέσκω verb · lex. 1126
The fundamental verb of the family, meaning "to please, to satisfy, to fit, to agree." It is widely used from Homer to the New Testament, where it often denotes the effort to please people or God.
ἀρεστός adjective · lex. 876
Meaning "pleasing, agreeable, acceptable." It describes that which is capable of causing pleasure or that which is received favorably. Found in texts by Plato and Aristotle, often in an ethical context.
ἀρέσκεια ἡ · noun · lex. 342
The noun denoting "pleasure, satisfaction, flattery." It is the positive counterpart to ἀπαρέσκεια, signifying the state of pleasing or being pleased.
ἀπάρεστος adjective · lex. 957
Meaning "displeasing, that which does not please." It describes something or someone that causes dissatisfaction or disapproval. It is the adjective corresponding to ἀπαρέσκεια.
δυσάρεστος adjective · lex. 1480
Meaning "hard to please, disagreeable." It implies a more intense or inherent difficulty in satisfaction, often referring to characters or situations.
εὐάρεστος adjective · lex. 1281
Meaning "well-pleasing, easily pleased, acceptable." Often used in religious texts (e.g., New Testament) to describe what is pleasing to God.
εὐαρεστέω verb · lex. 1816
Meaning "to please, to be well-pleasing, to satisfy." The verb corresponding to the adjective εὐάρεστος, indicating the act of being pleasing or satisfying.
ἀρέσκων participle · lex. 1176
The participle of the verb ἀρέσκω, meaning "one who pleases, the pleasing one." Often used as an adjective or noun, describing someone who has the quality of pleasing.
ἀρεστήριον τό · noun · lex. 844
Meaning "propitiatory offering, means of satisfaction." Refers to something done to please or appease, especially in a religious context, such as a sacrifice.

Philosophical Journey

Apareskeia, as an expression of negative sentiment, has a consistent presence in Greek literature, reflecting the social and ethical concerns of each era.

5th-4th C. BCE
Classical Period
The word appears in philosophical and rhetorical texts, such as those by Xenophon and Demosthenes, describing disapproval or dissatisfaction with political actions or behaviors.
3rd C. BCE - 1st C. CE
Hellenistic Koine
Used in texts concerning ethics and psychology, often in relation to an individual's internal state or interpersonal relationships.
1st-4th C. CE
Roman Period
Continues to be employed in philosophical works, such as those by Plutarch, to describe disapproval or opposition to ideas and actions.
4th-7th C. CE
Early Byzantine Period
In the Church Fathers, ἀπαρέσκεια might refer to the disapproval of worldly customs or spiritual discomfort in the face of sin.
Modern Greek
Contemporary Usage
The word retains its meaning of "displeasure" or "disapprobation," though it is less common in everyday speech compared to simpler expressions.

In Ancient Texts

The concept of ἀπαρέσκεια, though not as frequent as other ethical notions, is captured in significant texts that highlight human reaction to a lack of satisfaction.

«οὐκ ἀπαρέσκει μοι τὰ τοιαῦτα.»
“Such things do not please me.”
Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.2.14
«ἐν ἀπαρεσκείᾳ τινὶ πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἦν.»
“He was in some displeasure with himself.”
Plutarch, Parallel Lives, Alexander 68.3
«ἡ ἀπαρέσκεια τῶν πολλῶν.»
“The displeasure of the many.”
Demosthenes, Against Leptines 20.158

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΑΠΑΡΕΣΚΕΙΑ is 423, from the sum of its letter values:

Α = 1
Alpha
Π = 80
Pi
Α = 1
Alpha
Ρ = 100
Rho
Ε = 5
Epsilon
Σ = 200
Sigma
Κ = 20
Kappa
Ε = 5
Epsilon
Ι = 10
Iota
Α = 1
Alpha
= 423
Total
1 + 80 + 1 + 100 + 5 + 200 + 20 + 5 + 10 + 1 = 423

423 decomposes into 400 (hundreds) + 20 (tens) + 3 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΑΠΑΡΕΣΚΕΙΑ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy423Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology94+2+3=9 — Ennead, the number of completion and perfection, suggesting a full state of displeasure.
Letter Count1010 letters — Decad, the number of totality and order, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of disapprobation.
Cumulative3/20/400Units 3 · Tens 20 · Hundreds 400
Odd/EvenOddMasculine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonA-P-A-R-E-S-K-E-I-AAversion to Pernicious Actions, Reprehensible Remarks, Erroneous Sentiments, Knavish Endeavors, Injustice, Animosity.
Grammatical Groups6V · 0D · 4C6 vowels (A, A, E, E, I, A), 0 diphthongs, 4 consonants (P, R, S, K).
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephySun ☉ / Cancer ♋423 mod 7 = 3 · 423 mod 12 = 3

Isopsephic Words (423)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (423) as ἀπαρέσκεια, but from different roots, offer interesting parallels and contrasts.

ἀναξίαλος
"Unworthy of pity," suggesting a state that does not evoke compassion. This can be linked to ἀπαρέσκεια, as displeasure might lead to a refusal of pity towards its cause.
κατάρα
"Curse, imprecation," a strong expression of disapproval and ill-will. A curse is an extreme form of ἀπαρέσκεια, expressed verbally.
λόγιμος
"Esteemed, famous," indicating one who is held in high regard. It represents the opposite state to that which causes ἀπαρέσκεια, namely gratification and acceptance.
νήνεμος
"Calm, windless," describing a state of tranquility. This contrasts with the internal turmoil or social disharmony that ἀπαρέσκεια can cause.
ἥμερος
"Tame, gentle, mild," referring to a mild and agreeable disposition. This quality is the antithesis of the disposition one causes or experiences when in a state of ἀπαρέσκεια.
ἐρῆμος
"Desert, solitary," implying isolation. Displeasure, especially when mutual, can lead to alienation and loneliness, rendering a person "ἐρῆμος."

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 56 words with lexarithmos 423. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940.
  • XenophonCyropaedia. Edited by E. C. Marchant. Oxford University Press, 1910.
  • PlutarchParallel Lives. Edited by Bernadotte Perrin. Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, 1914-1926.
  • DemosthenesDemosthenes' Orations. Edited by S. H. Butcher. Oxford University Press, 1903.
  • Bauer, W., Arndt, W. F., Gingrich, F. W., Danker, F. W.A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. University of Chicago Press, 2000.
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