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ἀπορηματικόν (τό)

ΑΠΟΡΗΜΑΤΙΚΟΝ

LEXARITHMOS 750

The aporematicon (ἀπορηματικόν), a pivotal term in Aristotelian dialectic, denotes that which pertains to aporia (ἀπορία), namely a state of perplexity or difficulty. Its lexarithmos (750) suggests a complex situation, often necessitating resolution or a way out.

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Definition

The ἀπορηματικόν (neuter substantive adjective) derives from the verb ἀπορέω, 'to be at a loss,' and the noun ἀπορία, 'perplexity.' In classical Greek philosophy, particularly in Aristotle, it refers to something problematic, that which causes perplexity or difficulty, or that which relates to the resolution of an aporia. It is not merely a question but an issue that brings thought to an impasse, demanding systematic inquiry to find a solution.

In Aristotelian dialectic, the ἀπορηματικόν is closely linked to the method of 'diaporia' (διαπορία), where conflicting views or difficulties (ἀπορίαι) are examined in order to arrive at a deeper understanding or truth. An 'aporematic problem' (ἀπορηματικὸν πρόβλημα) is one that presents difficulty in its resolution, either due to the nature of the subject matter or the lack of sufficient data or arguments.

The significance of the term is not limited to simple ignorance but implies a conscious recognition of a cognitive gap or a logical contradiction. Addressing the ἀπορηματικόν is a crucial step in scientific and philosophical inquiry, as the recognition of aporia is the beginning of knowledge, as advocated by Socrates and later by Aristotle. The word underscores the dynamic nature of philosophical investigation, where difficulty is not an obstacle but a driving force.

Etymology

ἀπορηματικόν ← ἀπορητικός ← ἀπορέω ← ἀπορία ← ἀ- (privative) + πόρος (passage, way, means)
The word ἀπορηματικόν originates from the Ancient Greek root 'por-', which is connected to the noun 'πόρος' (passage, way, means, resource) and the verb 'πείρω' (to pierce, pass through). With the addition of the privative prefix 'ἀ-', the root acquires the meaning of a lack of passage, means, or solution, leading to 'ἀπορία' (impasse, perplexity, lack). The verb 'ἀπορέω' (to be at a loss, to be perplexed) and the adjective 'ἀπορητικός' (pertaining to perplexity) are direct antecedents of ἀπορηματικόν. The root 'por-' belongs to the oldest stratum of the Greek language.

Cognate words sharing the same root 'por-' and the concept of passage or its absence include 'πόρος' (passage, means), 'ἀπορία' (impasse, perplexity), the verb 'ἀπορέω' (to be at a loss), the adjective 'ἄπορος' (impassable, without resources), 'διαπορία' (perplexity in discussion), and 'εὐπορία' (easy passage, abundance, prosperity), which represents the direct opposite of ἀπορία, showcasing the full semantic range of the root.

Main Meanings

  1. That which pertains to aporia — The primary meaning, as in Aristotle, for something causing perplexity or difficulty.
  2. Expressing perplexity — Refers to speech or a question indicating bewilderment.
  3. Difficult to resolve — Describes a problem or situation without an easy solution.
  4. Disputable — In dialectic, a point presenting contradictions that requires investigation.
  5. That which leads to aporia — The quality of an argument or situation to cause confusion.
  6. Related to the method of diaporia — As a technical term in Aristotelian philosophy, concerning the examination of difficulties.

Word Family

por- (root of πόρος, meaning 'passage, way, means')

The root 'por-' forms the basis of a significant family of words in Ancient Greek, revolving around the concept of passage, way, means, or resource. It originates from the verb 'πείρω' (to pierce, pass through) and expresses the idea of traversing or providing. With the addition of prefixes such as the privative 'ἀ-' or the augmentative 'εὐ-', this root generates words describing states of lack or abundance of resources, as well as the difficulty or ease in finding solutions. The dynamic nature of the root is evident in its ability to form nouns, verbs, and adjectives, covering a wide semantic spectrum from perplexity to prosperity.

πόρος ὁ · noun · lex. 520
The fundamental noun of the root, meaning 'passage, way, means, resource.' From this, all concepts of ease or difficulty derive. In Homer, it refers to a 'passage' or 'ford.'
ἀπορία ἡ · noun · lex. 262
The lack of a resource or passage, i.e., 'impasse, perplexity, difficulty.' This is the central concept addressed by the ἀπορηματικόν. In Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy, recognizing aporia is the first step towards knowledge.
ἀπορέω verb · lex. 1056
The verb meaning 'to be at an impasse, to be perplexed, to lack resources.' It describes the action or state of aporia. Often used in philosophical texts to denote intellectual difficulty.
ἄπορος adjective · lex. 521
The adjective meaning 'impassable, without a way out, without resources, difficult.' It describes the quality of a place, situation, or problem that offers no solution or passage. (Plato, Republic 499a)
ἀπορητικόν τό · noun · lex. 709
A substantivized adjective, closely related to ἀπορηματικόν, meaning 'that which pertains to aporia, the problematic.' It is frequently used by Aristotle to characterize questions or topics that cause perplexity.
διαπορία ἡ · noun · lex. 276
The thorough examination of difficulties, the discussion of a difficult issue. In Aristotelian dialectic, diaporia is a method for solving problems through the analysis of opposing views.
εὐπορία ἡ · noun · lex. 666
The opposite concept of aporia, meaning 'ease of passage, abundance, prosperity, sufficiency of resources.' It demonstrates the full semantic range of the root 'por-' and the contrast between lack and fullness.

Philosophical Journey

The concept of the ἀπορηματικόν is inextricably linked to the development of philosophical method in ancient Greece, particularly from Socrates onwards.

5th C. BCE - Socrates
Socrates
Socrates employs the 'maieutic' method to lead his interlocutors into a state of aporia (ἀπορία), recognizing their ignorance as the first step towards knowledge.
4th C. BCE - Plato
Plato
In his dialogues, Plato often presents situations of aporia, especially in the 'aporetic' dialogues, where no definitive solution is given but the complexity of an issue is highlighted.
4th C. BCE - Aristotle
Aristotle
Aristotle systematizes the use of the ἀπορηματικόν as a central element of his dialectical method, notably in his Topics and Metaphysics. The recognition and resolution of difficulties are fundamental to scientific inquiry.
Hellenistic Period
Skeptic Philosophers
Skeptic philosophers exploit the concept of aporia to argue for the inability of human knowledge to reach certainty, leading to 'epochē' (suspension of judgment).
Roman Period
Commentators
The term continues to be used in philosophical texts, often in commentaries on Aristotelian works, maintaining its technical significance.

In Ancient Texts

Aristotle, the primary user of the term, integrates it into his methodology:

«δεῖ δὲ τὰς ἀπορίας διαπορῆσαι καλῶς· ἔστι γὰρ ἡ λύσις εὕρεσις τῆς ἀπορίας.»
We must well examine the difficulties; for the solution is the discovery of the difficulty.
Aristotle, Metaphysics, B 1, 995a27
«ἔστι δὲ ἀπορηματικὸν πᾶν τὸ ἐναντίον τῷ φαινομένῳ.»
Aporematic is everything that is contrary to appearance.
Aristotle, Topics, Θ 1, 155b1
«ἀπορία γὰρ ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς γνώσεως.»
For perplexity is the beginning of knowledge.
Aristotle, Metaphysics, A 2, 982b12 (paraphrased)

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΑΠΟΡΗΜΑΤΙΚΟΝ is 750, from the sum of its letter values:

Α = 1
Alpha
Π = 80
Pi
Ο = 70
Omicron
Ρ = 100
Rho
Η = 8
Eta
Μ = 40
Mu
Α = 1
Alpha
Τ = 300
Tau
Ι = 10
Iota
Κ = 20
Kappa
Ο = 70
Omicron
Ν = 50
Nu
= 750
Total
1 + 80 + 70 + 100 + 8 + 40 + 1 + 300 + 10 + 20 + 70 + 50 = 750

750 decomposes into 700 (hundreds) + 50 (tens) + 0 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΑΠΟΡΗΜΑΤΙΚΟΝ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy750Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology37+5+0=12 → 1+2=3 — Triad, the number of completion and synthesis, suggesting the resolution of aporia.
Letter Count1212 letters — Dodecad, the number of fullness and order, reflecting the search for a complete solution.
Cumulative0/50/700Units 0 · Tens 50 · Hundreds 700
Odd/EvenEvenFeminine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonA-P-O-R-E-M-A-T-I-K-O-NA Principle Of Rational Ethical Moral Artistic True Intellectual Knowledge Of Nature (interpretive)
Grammatical Groups6V · 3S · 3M6 vowels (A, O, E, A, I, O), 3 semivowels (R, M, N), 3 mutes (P, T, K).
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephyMercury ☿ / Libra ♎750 mod 7 = 1 · 750 mod 12 = 6

Isopsephic Words (750)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (750) as ἀπορηματικόν, but from different roots:

ἀποδεκτός
The 'acceptable,' that which is received or approved. The isopsephy with ἀπορηματικόν may suggest that the resolution of an aporia leads to an acceptable solution or understanding.
ἀνένδοτος
The 'unyielding,' that which does not give way, the inflexible. The connection could be the persistence in confronting an aporematic problem, without succumbing to perplexity.
ἀντιμίσθιον
The 'requital,' recompense, counter-payment. The isopsephy can be interpreted as the 'reward' resulting from the successful resolution of a philosophical aporia.
ἐκλειπτικός
The 'ecliptic,' that which pertains to an eclipse or deficiency. The conceptual link with ἀπορηματικόν is strong, as both terms denote a state of lack or incompleteness that requires completion or resolution.
φιλοκερδία
The 'love of gain,' avarice. An interesting contrast to the intellectual pursuit implied by ἀπορηματικόν, as avarice can lead to practical impasses.
συμβολή
The 'contribution,' meeting, confluence. The isopsephy may highlight that the resolution of aporematic issues often requires the contribution of many ideas or the meeting of different approaches.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 103 words with lexarithmos 750. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford University Press, 9th ed., 1940.
  • AristotleMetaphysics, edited by W. D. Ross, Oxford University Press, 1924.
  • AristotleTopics, edited by W. D. Ross, Oxford University Press, 1958.
  • PlatoRepublic, edited by J. Burnet, Oxford University Press, 1903.
  • Jaeger, W.Aristotle: Fundamentals of the History of His Development, Oxford University Press, 1948.
  • Barnes, J.Aristotle: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000.
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