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PHILOSOPHICAL
δικαιοπραξία (ἡ)

ΔΙΚΑΙΟΠΡΑΞΙΑ

LEXARITHMOS 367

Dikaiopraxia, a compound word combining 'dikaion' (justice) and 'praxis' (action), stands as a pivotal concept in both ancient Greek philosophy and legal discourse. It describes any action that aligns with what is just, whether morally or institutionally. Its lexarithmos (367) suggests balance and a complete action, linking ethical principles with practical application.

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Definition

Dikaiopraxia (δικαιοπραξία, ἡ) is a compound word derived from 'dikaios' (that which is in accordance with justice) and 'praxis' (action, deed). In ancient Greek thought, particularly in the philosophy of Aristotle, this concept refers to any act performed in accordance with the rules of justice and ethics. It is not merely an action, but an action characterized by correctness and legality.

Within the legal context, dikaiopraxia denotes an action that carries legal consequences and conforms to existing law. It can be a public or private act, provided it adheres to the dictates of the law and aims at the administration or preservation of justice. This concept is fundamental to understanding the relationship between ethics, law, and human agency in ancient Greece.

The significance of dikaiopraxia extends from individual ethical acts to collective legal actions, such as the enactment of laws or the administration of justice by courts. It reflects the belief that human action must be governed by principles of justice to achieve good order in the polis and the well-being of its citizens.

Etymology

dikaiopraxia ← dikaios + praxis (Ancient Greek roots dik- and prax-)
The word 'dikaiopraxia' is a compound of two Ancient Greek roots: the root 'dik-', found in 'dikē' (justice, right, custom, judgment), and the root 'prax-', found in 'prattō' (to do, act, perform). Both roots belong to the oldest stratum of the Greek language and have generated numerous words related to ethics, law, and human action. Their combination creates a new, specialized concept describing an action that is in accordance with justice.

Related words stemming from the same roots include the verb 'dikazō' (to judge), the noun 'dikastēs' (judge), the adjective 'praktikos' (practical, related to action), and the noun 'pragma' (deed, affair). These words highlight the broad semantic range covered by the two components of dikaiopraxia, from the theoretical dimension of justice to its practical application.

Main Meanings

  1. Legal act in accordance with justice — Any action that has legal consequences and is performed within the framework of the law. E.g., the conclusion of a contract, a will.
  2. Ethical act, action of justice — An action that conforms to the principles of ethics and justice, regardless of its legal validity. E.g., returning a lost item.
  3. Act with legal validity — An action that creates, modifies, or extinguishes rights and obligations, recognized by the legal system.
  4. Judicial action — An action performed by a judicial body or within the framework of a judicial process for the administration of justice.
  5. Action for the restoration of justice — An act aimed at rectifying an injustice or restoring legality.
  6. Notarial act — In modern legal terminology, often refers to acts requiring the drafting of a contract or other official document.

Word Family

DIK- (from dikē) + PRAX- (from prattō)

The word family of dikaiopraxia develops around two fundamental Ancient Greek roots: the root 'dik-', associated with the concept of justice, judgment, and order, and the root 'prax-', which concerns action, doing, and execution. The synthesis of these two roots creates a rich semantic field covering both the ethical dimension of correctness and its practical application. Each member of the family illuminates a different aspect of this complex relationship, from the abstract concept of justice to specific actions and their agents.

δίκη ἡ · noun · lex. 42
The original root for the concept of justice. It means 'justice, right, custom, judgment, lawsuit'. In Homer, it often refers to divine order or human custom, later acquiring a legal meaning as a judicial process.
πράττω verb · lex. 1581
The verb from which 'praxis' is derived. It means 'to do, act, perform, accomplish'. It is the basic word for human action and activity, which can be ethically right or wrong, and constitutes the dynamic component of dikaiopraxia.
δίκαιος adjective · lex. 315
That which is in accordance with dikē, just, righteous, lawful. It is the adjective that characterizes the quality of the action in dikaiopraxia, indicating its ethical and legal correctness. It is a central concept in Aristotelian ethics.
πρᾶξις ἡ · noun · lex. 451
Action, deed, performance. It is the noun denoting the action itself, which, when combined with 'dikaios', becomes 'dikaiopraxia'. In Aristotelian philosophy, praxis is distinguished from poiesis (creation).
δικαιοσύνη ἡ · noun · lex. 773
The quality of being just, the virtue of justice. It is one of the four cardinal virtues in ancient Greek philosophy (Plato, Aristotle) and the fundamental principle governing dikaiopraxia.
δικαιόω verb · lex. 915
It means 'to make just, to justify, to restore justice'. This verb expresses the action of applying or recognizing justice, a dynamic aspect of dikaiopraxia, especially in theological and legal usage.
πρακτικός adjective · lex. 821
Related to action, capable in action, effective. This adjective emphasizes the application and effectiveness of an action, complementing the concept of dikaiopraxia as an action with a specific purpose and outcome.

Philosophical Journey

The concept of dikaiopraxia, as a synthesis of justice and action, has a long historical trajectory, evolving from ancient philosophy to modern law:

5th-4th C. BCE
Classical Greek Philosophy
Plato and especially Aristotle in his Nicomachean Ethics and Politics lay the foundations for the concept of justice and virtuous action, setting the groundwork for understanding dikaiopraxia as an ethical and political endeavor.
3rd-1st C. BCE
Hellenistic Period
Stoic philosophers further develop the idea of natural law and action in accordance with nature, reinforcing the philosophical dimension of dikaiopraxia as a correct action.
1st C. BCE - 5th C. CE
Roman Period
Roman law, influenced by Greek thought, systematically develops the concepts of legal acts (actus iuridicus) and contracts, which are practical applications of dikaiopraxia.
6th-15th C. CE
Byzantine Empire
Byzantine legal collections, such as the Corpus Juris Civilis (Justinian's Code) and the Basilica, codify and preserve the principles of Roman law, integrating the concept of dikaiopraxia into a comprehensive legal system.
19th-21st C. CE
Modern Greek Law
Dikaiopraxia constitutes a fundamental concept of Civil Law, particularly in the Law of Obligations and Contracts. The Civil Code meticulously defines the prerequisites and consequences of legal acts.

In Ancient Texts

The concept of dikaiopraxia, though not frequently found as a compound word in classical literature, permeates the work of Aristotle, who analyzes justice and action as interconnected concepts:

«δοκεῖ δὲ δικαιοσύνη μὲν εἶναι ἀρετὴ τελεία πρὸς ἕτερον...»
Justice seems to be the most perfect virtue towards another...
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, E 1129b26-27
«...τὸ γὰρ δίκαιον πράττειν καὶ τὸ δικαιοπραγεῖν οὐ ταὐτόν ἐστιν.»
...for to do what is just and to perform a just action are not the same.
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, E 1137a11-12
«...ἡ μὲν γὰρ δικαιοσύνη ἐστὶν ἕξις ἀφ' ἧς πρακτικοὶ τῶν δικαίων εἰσίν...»
...for justice is a state of character from which men are practical of just things...
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, E 1129a7-8

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΔΙΚΑΙΟΠΡΑΞΙΑ is 367, from the sum of its letter values:

Δ = 4
Delta
Ι = 10
Iota
Κ = 20
Kappa
Α = 1
Alpha
Ι = 10
Iota
Ο = 70
Omicron
Π = 80
Pi
Ρ = 100
Rho
Α = 1
Alpha
Ξ = 60
Xi
Ι = 10
Iota
Α = 1
Alpha
= 367
Total
4 + 10 + 20 + 1 + 10 + 70 + 80 + 100 + 1 + 60 + 10 + 1 = 367

367 is a prime number — indivisible, a quality the Pythagoreans considered the mark of pure essence.

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΔΙΚΑΙΟΠΡΑΞΙΑ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy367Prime number
Decade Numerology73+6+7=16 → 1+6=7 — The Heptad, a number of perfection, wisdom, and completion, signifying the perfect and complete nature of a just action.
Letter Count1212 letters — The Dodecad, a symbol of order, fullness, and harmony, reflecting the organized and balanced nature of dikaiopraxia.
Cumulative7/60/300Units 7 · Tens 60 · Hundreds 300
Odd/EvenOddMasculine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonΔ-Ι-Κ-Α-Ι-Ο-Π-Ρ-Α-Ξ-Ι-ΑDikaios Ischys Kata Adikias Ischyei Orthos Pros Rythmisi Alithinis Xechoristis Isonomias Aei (Just Power Against Injustice Prevails Rightly Towards Regulation of True Distinct Equality Always).
Grammatical Groups7V · 2S · 3M7 vowels (I, A, I, O, A, I, A), 2 semivowels (X, R), 3 mutes (D, K, P).
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephySun ☉ / Scorpio ♏367 mod 7 = 3 · 367 mod 12 = 7

Isopsephic Words (367)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (367) as dikaiopraxia, highlighting the diversity of the Greek language:

ἀγαλακτία
'Agalaktia' means 'lack of milk', a term from medical terminology. Its isopsephy with dikaiopraxia highlights the accidental nature of numerical correspondences between concepts as disparate as a legal act and a biological condition.
ἀνέλαιος
'Anelaios' means 'without oil'. It is used to describe something that lacks oil or has not been anointed with oil. The coincidence of its lexarithmos with dikaiopraxia is an example of the numerical diversity within the language.
ἔνδηλος
'Endēlos' means 'visible, manifest, clear'. This word, describing visibility or clarity, stands in interesting contrast to the complexity of dikaiopraxia, even though both share the same lexarithmos.
ἐνάσαρι
'Enasari' is a type of fish. The presence of a zoological term among the isopsephic words of dikaiopraxia underscores the absence of inherent semantic connection in isopsephies, beyond numerical coincidence.
ἐργασίμη
'Ergasimē' means 'fit for work, arable (land)'. This word, related to labor and productivity, is another accidental isopsephy with dikaiopraxia, demonstrating the variety of concepts the same number can express.
καταθήκη
'Katathēkē' means 'deposit, pledge, security'. This word has a more direct, albeit coincidental, connection to the legal field of dikaiopraxia, as both involve acts with legal consequences, though from different roots.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 45 words with lexarithmos 367. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed., Oxford University Press, 1940.
  • AristotleNicomachean Ethics, ed. H. Rackham, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, 1934.
  • AristotlePolitics, ed. H. Rackham, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, 1932.
  • PlatoLaws, ed. R. G. Bury, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, 1926.
  • Konstantopoulos, K.Introduction to Civil Law, Sakkoulas Publications, 2018.
  • Troianos, S.History of Law, Sakkoulas Publications, 2012.
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