LOGOS
ETHICAL
δοξοφιλία (ἡ)

ΔΟΞΟΦΙΛΙΑ

LEXARITHMOS 755

Doxophilia, a compound word combining "doxa" (glory, opinion) and "philia" (love, friendship), describes the love or desire for glory, fame, and recognition. While it can denote a noble ambition, it often carries a negative connotation, referring to vainglory and an excessive attachment to public opinion. Its lexarithmos (755) reflects the complexity of this human inclination.

REPORT ERROR

Definition

According to the Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon, doxophilia (δοξοφιλία, ἡ) is "love of glory, ambition, vainglory." This term, though not widely attested in classical Attic prose, gains prominence in later authors such as Philo of Alexandria and Plutarch, as well as in patristic literature. Its composition from "δόξα" (meaning both "opinion, reputation" and "glory, honor") and "φιλία" (love, attraction) suggests a deep human inclination towards recognition and esteem.

Doxophilia can be interpreted in two primary ways, depending on the context. On the one hand, it can refer to a legitimate ambition for achieving high goals and acquiring honor through virtuous actions. In this sense, the love of glory is associated with the desire to leave a positive mark, to be honored for one's contribution to the common good. This aspect of doxophilia can be seen as a driving force for excellence and social progress.

On the other hand, and more frequently, doxophilia carries a negative connotation, being equated with vainglory (κενὴ δόξα) and an excessive attachment to external recognition. In this interpretation, the individual does not pursue true virtue but rather apparent glory, the approval of the many, even if it is based on superficial or deceptive achievements. Christian writers, in particular, condemn doxophilia as a passion that distances humans from humility and devotion to God, making them slaves to human judgment.

Thus, doxophilia constitutes a complex ethical concept that oscillates between noble ambition and harmful vainglory, highlighting the eternal human struggle with the desire for recognition and the search for true worth.

Etymology

doxophilia ← doxa + philia ← dox- (root of δοκέω) + phil- (root of φιλέω)
The word "doxophilia" is a compound, derived from the noun "δόξα" and the noun "φιλία." "Δόξα" traces back to the root dox- of the verb "δοκέω" ("to seem, to think, to believe"), while "φιλία" originates from the root phil- of the verb "φιλέω" ("to love, to befriend"). Both roots, dox- and phil-, are Ancient Greek roots belonging to the oldest stratum of the language, with no further derivation to non-Greek sources possible.

From the dox- root, words such as "δόγμα" (decree, doctrine), "ἔνδοξος" (honorable, famous), and "ἄδοξος" (obscure) are derived. From the phil- root, words like "φίλος" (beloved, friendly), "φιλόσοφος" (lover of wisdom), and "φιλοτιμία" (love of honor, ambition) emerge. The combination of these two concepts creates a word describing the love of reputation or honor, whether with a positive or negative implication.

Main Meanings

  1. Love of glory, fame, and recognition — The primary meaning, referring to an individual's desire to acquire a good reputation and esteem from others.
  2. Ambition, pursuit of honor — A positive interpretation of doxophilia, where the desire for glory acts as a motivator for achieving high goals and contributing to the common good.
  3. Vainglory, vanity — The negative aspect, where the love of glory degenerates into an excessive attachment to external recognition, lacking substantial content or virtue.
  4. Desire for popular approval — The tendency to seek acceptance and praise from the multitude, often at the expense of truth or moral integrity.
  5. Pride in one's own opinion — A less common meaning, stemming from the sense of "δόξα" as "opinion" or "belief," implying a fondness for one's own viewpoint.
  6. Passion for worldly recognition (Christian usage) — In Christian ethics, doxophilia is considered one of the passions that distance individuals from spiritual life and humility.

Word Family

doxo-phil- (roots of δοκέω and φιλέω)

The roots dox- (from δοκέω, "to seem, to think") and phil- (from φιλέω, "to love, to befriend") constitute two fundamental elements of the Ancient Greek lexicon. The dox- root refers to both subjective opinion and objective appearance or reputation, while the phil- root expresses attraction, love, and friendship. Their combination in "doxophilia" creates a concept that explores the human relationship with fame and honor. Each member of this family illuminates a different aspect of these core concepts, from simple opinion to an intense desire for recognition.

δόξα ἡ · noun · lex. 135
"Δόξα" is a polysemous word meaning "opinion, belief," "fame, reputation," and "glory, splendor." In classical philosophy, δόξα as opinion is often contrasted with ἀλήθεια (truth) (Plato, Republic). In the New Testament, it also acquires the meaning of divine splendor.
φιλέω verb · lex. 1345
The verb "φιλέω" means "to love, to befriend, to kiss." It expresses a love based on esteem, friendship, and intimacy, in contrast to ἔρως (erotic desire). In Homer, it often refers to loving something or someone.
φιλοτιμία ἡ · noun · lex. 971
"Φιλοτιμία" means "love of honor, ambition." It can be positive (noble ambition, generosity) or negative (selfish pursuit of honors). Thucydides (Histories 3.82) mentions it as a motive for political action, while Aristotle (Nicomachean Ethics 1125b) places it between vainglory and dishonor.
δοκέω verb · lex. 899
The verb "δοκέω" means "to think, to believe, to seem, to decide." It is the root of "δόξα" and underscores the subjective nature of opinion and appearance. In Homer, it is often used with the sense of "to seem" or "it seems to me."
φιλία ἡ · noun · lex. 551
"Φιλία" is love, friendly relationship, affection. It is a central concept in ancient Greek philosophy, especially for Aristotle (Nicomachean Ethics 8-9), who analyzes it as an essential component of eudaimonia and political life.
φίλος ὁ · adjective / noun · lex. 810
"Φίλος" as an adjective means "beloved, friendly," while as a noun it means "friend, companion." It expresses a personal relationship of love and devotion. In Homer, "φίλοι" refers to close companions and relatives.
ἔνδοξος adjective · lex. 459
"Ἔνδοξος" means "honorable, famous, glorious." It describes one who has acquired good reputation and honor. In the New Testament, it also refers to the glory of God or the saints.

Philosophical Journey

Doxophilia, as a concept, permeates ancient Greek thought, although the word itself primarily appears in later periods, gaining particular significance in ethical and theological literature.

5th-4th C. BCE
Classical Greek Philosophy
Although the word "doxophilia" is not common in classical Athens, the concept of the love of glory and ambition (φιλοτιμία) is extensively discussed by philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle, who examine the nature of glory and its impact on the human soul.
1st C. BCE - 1st C. CE
Hellenistic Period (Philo of Alexandria)
Philo of Alexandria, a Jewish philosopher, uses the term "doxophilia" to describe attachment to worldly glory, often with a negative connotation, contrasting it with spiritual pursuit.
1st-2nd C. CE
Roman Period (Plutarch)
Plutarch, a historian and biographer, employs "doxophilia" in his works, such as the "Moralia," to analyze human ambitions and the desire for recognition, often with a more neutral or descriptive approach.
2nd-4th C. CE
Early Christian Writers
Early Church Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria and Origen, adopt the term, giving it a distinctly negative meaning. Doxophilia is considered a passion, a form of pride and vainglory that hinders spiritual progress and true faith.
4th-5th C. CE
Byzantine Period (Basil the Great, John Chrysostom)
In Byzantine theology, doxophilia is analyzed as one of the "eight principal passions" or "thoughts" that must be combated through asceticism and humility, as it distracts humans from the true glory of God.

In Ancient Texts

Given the rarity of the word in classical texts and its appearance primarily in later authors, we present characteristic excerpts from Philo of Alexandria and Plutarch, where doxophilia is examined as a human inclination, and John Chrysostom, who condemns it.

«τὸν δοξοφιλίας ὀρεγόμενον...»
“he who desires doxophilia...”
Philo of Alexandria, De Specialibus Legibus 4.185
«οὐ γὰρ δοξοφιλίας ἕνεκεν οὐδὲ φιλοκερδίας...»
“for not for the sake of doxophilia nor of love of gain...”
Plutarch, Moralia 779A (On Not Contracting Debts)
«ἡ δοξοφιλία, ἥτις ἐστὶν ἀρχὴ πάντων τῶν κακῶν...»
“doxophilia, which is the beginning of all evils...”
John Chrysostom, Homiliae in Matthaeum 19.4

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΔΟΞΟΦΙΛΙΑ is 755, from the sum of its letter values:

Δ = 4
Delta
Ο = 70
Omicron
Ξ = 60
Xi
Ο = 70
Omicron
Φ = 500
Phi
Ι = 10
Iota
Λ = 30
Lambda
Ι = 10
Iota
Α = 1
Alpha
= 755
Total
4 + 70 + 60 + 70 + 500 + 10 + 30 + 10 + 1 = 755

755 decomposes into 700 (hundreds) + 50 (tens) + 5 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΔΟΞΟΦΙΛΙΑ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy755Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology87+5+5=17 → 1+7=8 — The Ogdoad, the number of balance and justice, but also of regeneration or completeness. Doxophilia can lead to balance through recognition or disrupt justice through vainglory.
Letter Count910 letters — The Decad, the number of perfection and completion, and also of return to unity. Doxophilia as a complete desire for recognition.
Cumulative5/50/700Units 5 · Tens 50 · Hundreds 700
Odd/EvenOddMasculine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonΔ-Ο-Ξ-Ο-Φ-Ι-Λ-Ι-ΑΔόξα Οὐσία Ξένη Ὁμοῦ Φθειρομένη Ἱλαρῶς Λύει Ἱερά Ἀρετή (An interpretive approach linking glory to the destruction of sacred virtue).
Grammatical Groups5V · 4C · 0S5 vowels (O, O, I, I, A), 4 consonants (Δ, Ξ, Φ, Λ), 0 semivowels. The abundance of vowels suggests fluidity and expressiveness, while the consonants provide stability to the concept.
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephySaturn ♄ / Pisces ♓755 mod 7 = 6 · 755 mod 12 = 11

Isopsephic Words (755)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (755) as doxophilia, but from different roots, offer interesting comparisons and contrasts.

φιλοδοξία
"Φιλοδοξία" (lexarithmos 755) is the love of glory, ambition. It is isopsephic with doxophilia and nearly synonymous, highlighting the common human inclination for recognition, but with a different compounding of the same roots.
κεστρίον
"Κεστρίον" (lexarithmos 755) is a type of fish, the mullet. The presence of such a mundane and specific term alongside an abstract ethical concept highlights the randomness of isopsephies and the diversity of the Greek lexicon.
προπολέμιος
"Προπολέμιος" (lexarithmos 755) is one who fights in front, a champion, a defender. This word carries the sense of action and defense, in contrast to the internal disposition of doxophilia, although both can be linked to the pursuit of honor.
ἐκδέχομαι
The verb "ἐκδέχομαι" (lexarithmos 755) means "to await, to receive, to accept." Its connection to doxophilia can be indirect, as the pursuit of glory often implies the expectation of recognition or the reception of praise.
ἐντολικός
"Ἐντολικός" (lexarithmos 755) means "pertaining to a command, imperative." This word, denoting authority and guidance, contrasts with the personal desire of doxophilia, although glory can be associated with authority.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 85 words with lexarithmos 755. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon, with a revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
  • Philo of AlexandriaDe Specialibus Legibus. Loeb Classical Library. Harvard University Press.
  • PlutarchMoralia. Loeb Classical Library. Harvard University Press.
  • John ChrysostomHomiliae in Matthaeum. Patrologia Graeca.
  • PlatoRepublic. Oxford Classical Texts.
  • AristotleNicomachean Ethics. Oxford Classical Texts.
  • ThucydidesHistories. Oxford Classical Texts.
Explore this word in the interactive tool
Live AI filtering of isopsephic words + all methods active
OPEN THE TOOL →
← All words
Report an Error
Continue for free
To continue your research, complete the free registration.
FREE SIGN UP