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κρόμμυον (τό)

ΚΡΟΜΜΥΟΝ

LEXARITHMOS 790

The kromyion, a humble yet ubiquitous vegetable in the ancient Greek diet, was more than mere sustenance. With its pungent flavor and aroma, and its capacity to induce tears, it carved out a distinct niche in daily life, folk medicine, and even symbolic thought. Its lexarithmos (790) connects it numerically with concepts of completeness and fulfillment.

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Definition

According to the Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon, κρόμμυον (onion) refers to the plant Allium Cepa, a common vegetable that formed an integral part of the ancient Greek diet. Its widespread presence in texts from the Classical period onwards indicates its daily use both as food and for other purposes.

Beyond its gastronomic value, the kromyion held a significant place in ancient medicine. Hippocrates and Dioscorides, among others, refer to its therapeutic properties, using it to treat various ailments such as respiratory problems, wounds, and as a diuretic. Its potent nature, described as hot and dry, made it a valuable remedy.

Symbolically, the kromyion was associated with its strong odor and its ability to cause tears, a characteristic that made it a subject of commentary in ancient literature and proverb lore. Its humble nature did not prevent its integration into various facets of life, from the dining table to the pharmacy and popular beliefs.

Etymology

κρόμμυον ← root *krom- (likely pre-Greek)
The etymology of kromyion remains uncertain, with linguists often positing a pre-Greek origin, as is common for many plant names and geographical features. This suggests that the word was adopted from an older linguistic substratum of the region, prior to the arrival of Greek-speaking peoples. There are no clear Indo-European cognates within the Greek language that explain its original form.

Related words include the adjective κρομμύινος ('pertaining to an onion' or 'made of onion'), κρομμυώδης ('onion-like'), and κρομμυοφάγος ('onion-eating'). Also, κρόμμυος (masculine form of kromyion) and κρομμυάριον (diminutive). All these words are directly derived from the noun, retaining its primary meaning and extending its semantic field to properties, actions, or diminutives associated with the onion.

Main Meanings

  1. The plant Allium Cepa — The primary meaning, referring to the onion as a vegetable and bulb.
  2. Medicinal herb — Used in ancient medicine for therapeutic purposes, e.g., for wounds, respiratory issues, or as a diuretic.
  3. Ingredient in ancient cuisine — A staple ingredient in various dishes, as mentioned in gastronomic texts (e.g., Archestratus).
  4. Symbolic use — Association with causing tears or strong odor, often with a humorous or metaphorical intent.
  5. Means of cleansing or repelling — Possible use for repelling insects or for cleansing, due to its potent properties.
  6. In proverb lore — Appearance in proverbs highlighting its common nature or characteristic qualities, e.g., «κρόμμυον κρομμύῳ προσάπτεται» (onion sticks to onion, i.e., like attracts like).

Word Family

kromy- (root of κρόμμυον, likely pre-Greek)

The root 'kromy-' forms the basis of a small but significant family of words revolving around the well-known vegetable, the onion. Its origin is considered likely pre-Greek, indicating the ancient presence of the plant in the region and the integration of its name into the Greek lexicon. Members of this family describe either the plant itself, its attributed properties, or actions related to its consumption, highlighting its central role in the daily lives of the ancient Greeks.

κρόμμυον τό · noun · lex. 790
The noun that forms the root of the family, referring to the onion (Allium Cepa). It was a staple of the ancient Greek diet and widely used in medicine. Frequently mentioned by Theophrastus and Hippocrates.
κρόμμυος ὁ · noun · lex. 940
The masculine form of kromyion, also used to denote the onion. Although the neuter is more common, the masculine form appears in some texts, retaining the same basic meaning of the plant.
κρομμύινος adjective · lex. 1000
An adjective meaning 'pertaining to an onion' or 'made of onion'. It describes the origin or property of an object in relation to the onion, e.g., «κρομμύινος χυμός» (onion juice).
κρομμυώδης adjective · lex. 1682
An adjective meaning 'onion-like' or 'having the nature of an onion'. It is used to describe something that has the appearance, smell, or taste of an onion, emphasizing its characteristic properties.
κρομμυοφάγος adjective · lex. 1514
An adjective meaning 'onion-eating'. It describes a person or animal that consumes onions, often with a slightly derogatory or humorous connotation due to the strong odor caused by their consumption.
κρομμυάριον τό · noun · lex. 901
A diminutive of kromyion, meaning 'small onion'. It is used to refer to smaller onions or young plants, retaining the same basic meaning but with an emphasis on size.
κρομμυοπώλης ὁ · noun · lex. 1858
A noun meaning 'onion seller'. It describes the profession of an onion merchant, indicating the existence of organized markets and the commercial value of the kromyion in ancient society.

Philosophical Journey

The kromyion, though humble, boasts a long and rich history in ancient Greece, spanning medicine, botany, and gastronomy.

5th-4th C. BCE
Hippocrates
The father of medicine mentions the kromyion in his works, describing its hot and dry properties and its use in various treatments.
4th C. BCE
Theophrastus
Aristotle's student and the father of botany describes the kromyion in his work «Enquiry into Plants», focusing on its botanical classification and growth.
3rd C. BCE
Archestratus
The 'poet of gastronomy' mentions the kromyion in his work «Hedypatheia», as an ingredient in simple but delicious dishes, highlighting its presence in daily cuisine.
1st C. CE
Dioscorides
The pharmacologist and botanist meticulously describes the medicinal uses of the kromyion in «De Materia Medica», confirming and expanding the knowledge of his era.
2nd C. CE
Athenaeus
In his «Deipnosophistae», Athenaeus compiles excerpts from ancient authors referring to the kromyion, offering a rich picture of its gastronomic and cultural significance.
Byzantine Period
Medical Manuals
The use of the kromyion continued unabated in Byzantine medical texts and recipes, maintaining its reputation as a staple ingredient and medicine.

In Ancient Texts

Three characteristic passages from ancient literature that highlight the significance of the kromyion:

«τὸ δὲ κρόμμυον καὶ τὸ σκόροδον οὐκ ἐκ ῥίζης ἀλλ' ἐκ βολβοῦ φύεται.»
The onion and garlic do not grow from a root but from a bulb.
Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants, VII 5.1
«τὸ δὲ κρόμμυον καὶ τὸ σκόροδον καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα θερμὰ καὶ ξηρά, καὶ ὀξέα, καὶ δριμέα, καὶ ἰσχυρά.»
Onion and garlic and such like are hot and dry, and sharp, and pungent, and strong.
Hippocrates, On Regimen in Acute Diseases, 17
«μυζήθραν τ' ἀγαθὴν καὶ κρόμμυον ὀπτὸν ἔχοντα»
having good cheese and roasted onion
Archestratus, Hedypatheia (quoted in Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae, IV 130a)

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΚΡΟΜΜΥΟΝ is 790, from the sum of its letter values:

Κ = 20
Kappa
Ρ = 100
Rho
Ο = 70
Omicron
Μ = 40
Mu
Μ = 40
Mu
Υ = 400
Upsilon
Ο = 70
Omicron
Ν = 50
Nu
= 790
Total
20 + 100 + 70 + 40 + 40 + 400 + 70 + 50 = 790

790 decomposes into 700 (hundreds) + 90 (tens) + 0 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΚΡΟΜΜΥΟΝ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy790Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology77+9+0 = 16 → 1+6 = 7 — The Heptad, a symbol of perfection, completeness, and spiritual fulfillment, suggesting the comprehensive nature of the kromyion as food, medicine, and symbol.
Letter Count88 letters — The Octad, a number of balance, abundance, and regeneration, reflecting the resilience and multifaceted utility of the kromyion.
Cumulative0/90/700Units 0 · Tens 90 · Hundreds 700
Odd/EvenEvenFeminine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonΚ-Ρ-Ο-Μ-Μ-Υ-Ο-ΝFor everyday words, notarikon is not always immediately obvious or traditional. However, it could be interpreted as: «Καλῶς Ρυθμισμένον Οργανικὸν Μέσο Μυστηριώδους Ὑγείας Οὐσίας Νηστείας» (A well-regulated organic means of mysterious health substance of fasting), highlighting its properties and use.
Grammatical Groups3V · 5C · 0D3 Vowels (O, Y, O), 5 Consonants (K, R, M, M, N), 0 Diphthongs. The ratio of vowels to consonants suggests a balanced, yet robust structure, much like the kromyion itself.
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephySaturn ♄ / Aquarius ♒790 mod 7 = 6 · 790 mod 12 = 10

Isopsephic Words (790)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (790) but different roots, revealing unexpected connections within the Greek language:

κοπρισμός
Koprismos, the act of manuring the soil, connects with kromyion through agricultural production. Both are fundamental to cultivation and sustenance, one as a means of improving the land, the other as its fruit.
κόρυς
Korys, the helmet, an object of protection in warfare, contrasts with kromyion as food. Their isopsephy might suggest the diversity of human needs – from survival through food to protection in battle.
κρύος
Kryos, coldness, a natural property or sensation, is juxtaposed with the hot and pungent nature of the kromyion, as described by Hippocrates. Their numerical connection may underscore the complexity of natural elements.
Κῦρος
Kyros, the name of the famous Persian king, introduces a historical and political dimension. Its isopsephy with a humble vegetable can be seen as a reminder that history and everyday life coexist and interact.
πολιτικός
Politikos, pertaining to the city or citizens, represents social and organized life. Its connection with kromyion may suggest that even the simplest elements of daily life are integrated into the broader context of the city and community.
μελαγχολία
Melancholia, a state of sadness or depression, brings a psychological dimension. Its isopsephy with kromyion, which causes tears, might be a poetic coincidence, highlighting the shared human experience of emotions and natural reactions.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 113 words with lexarithmos 790. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940.
  • TheophrastusEnquiry into Plants, ed. A. F. Hort, Loeb Classical Library, 1916.
  • HippocratesOn Regimen in Acute Diseases, ed. W. H. S. Jones, Loeb Classical Library, 1923.
  • AthenaeusDeipnosophistae, ed. C. B. Gulick, Loeb Classical Library, 1927.
  • Dioscorides, PedaniusDe Materia Medica, ed. M. Wellmann, Berlin: Weidmann, 1907-1914.
  • Chantraine, PierreDictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque, Paris: Klincksieck, 1968-1980.
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