ΜΕΘΕΡΜΗΝΕΙΑ

Definition

In classical Greek literature, the word "methermeneia" is not particularly common, as the concept of simple "interpretation" or "translation" is covered by "hermeneia" and "metaphrasis." However, the compound with the prefix "meta-" adds an additional dimension: that of change, succession, re-explanation, or transfer into a different framework. It is not merely the explanation of something, but its explanation "after" something else, or its explanation in a way that transforms or renews it.

In theological usage, especially in Hellenistic and Christian literature, methermeneia acquires particular significance. It often refers to the rendering of foreign names or concepts into Greek, as observed in the New Testament or the Church Fathers, where the precise "methermeneia" of a Hebrew or Aramaic term is crucial for understanding its spiritual content. This is not a mechanical translation, but an interpretive act aimed at revealing the deeper meaning.

Furthermore, methermeneia can imply the re-explanation or renewal of an interpretation, i.e., approaching a text or idea from a new perspective, taking into account the developments or needs of the era. This is particularly evident in the patristic exegesis of the Scriptures, where the Fathers often "re-interpret" older explanations or prophecies, revealing their Christological content. The word, therefore, transcends simple linguistic transfer and enters the realm of theological hermeneutics.

Main Meanings

1. Translation, rendering from one language to another — The primary meaning, especially when referring to the rendering of foreign names or texts into Greek.
2. Explanation, clarification of a meaning — The act of analyzing and making clear a difficult or obscure text or idea.
3. Re-interpretation, revision of an older explanation — The process of approaching a subject from a new perspective, offering a renewed understanding.
4. Theological exegesis of sacred texts — The systematic analysis of the Scriptures to reveal their spiritual and soteriological meaning.
5. Rendering of symbolic meanings — The revelation of the hidden or allegorical meaning behind words, events, or dreams.
6. Transfer of meaning to a different context — The adaptation of a concept or teaching to the needs or understanding of a new audience.

Word Family

hermen- (root of Hermes, meaning "to explain, to translate")

The root hermen- is Ancient Greek and is directly connected to the name of the god Hermes, the messenger and patron of communication, language, and interpretation. From this root, a family of words developed that describe the act of assigning meaning, explaining, and translating. Each member of the family highlights a different aspect of this fundamental human and divine function, from simple linguistic transfer to deep philosophical and theological understanding. This root underscores the importance of clarity and understanding in Greek culture.

In Ancient Texts

Three characteristic passages that highlight the concept of methermeneia or interpretation in ancient literature:

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΜΕΘΕΡΜΗΝΕΙΑ:

Sources & Bibliography

• Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S. — A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed. with revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
• Bauer, W., Arndt, W. F., Gingrich, F. W., Danker, F. W. — A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
• Philo of Alexandria — De Vita Mosis, Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1929.
• Bible Hub — Greek Interlinear Bible. (Luke 24:27, Acts 13:8, 1 Corinthians 12:10, 1 Corinthians 14:26).
• Plato — Ion, Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1925.