LOGOS
MYTHOLOGICAL
Μύρτιλος (ὁ)

ΜΥΡΤΙΛΟΣ

LEXARITHMOS 1150

Myrtilus, the tragic charioteer of King Oenomaus, is a pivotal figure in the myth of Pelops and Hippodamia. His betrayal, which led to Oenomaus's downfall and Pelops's marriage, was sealed with a fateful curse that haunted the lineage of the Atreidae. His lexarithmos (1150) connects mathematically to concepts of destiny and justice, elements that permeate his story.

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Definition

Myrtilus was the charioteer of King Oenomaus of Pisa, son of the god Hermes and either Myrto or Clymene. His story is inextricably linked with the myth of Pelops and Hippodamia. Oenomaus, having received an oracle that he would die by the hand of his son-in-law, challenged every suitor of his daughter to a chariot race, with Hippodamia as the prize and death as the penalty. Thanks to his divine horses, Oenomaus always won, and the heads of the defeated adorned his palace.

When Pelops, son of Tantalus, came to seek Hippodamia's hand, he bribed Myrtilus, promising him half the kingdom and the first night with Hippodamia. Myrtilus, either out of love for Hippodamia or greed, replaced the bronze linchpins of Oenomaus's chariot wheels with waxen ones. During the race, the wheels detached, Oenomaus was killed, and Pelops won Hippodamia.

However, Pelops did not keep his promise to Myrtilus. When Myrtilus demanded his reward, Pelops threw him off a cliff into the Aegean Sea, which was thereafter named the Myrtoan Sea. Before dying, Myrtilus cursed Pelops and his entire lineage, a curse that would haunt his descendants, the Atreidae, with tragic consequences, as depicted in the works of the tragic poets.

Etymology

Myrtilus ← μύρτος (the plant)
The name Myrtilus derives from the Ancient Greek noun «μύρτος» (myrtle, the plant), with the addition of the diminutive suffix -ιλος, which indicates a small size or a close association. The root «μύρτ-» is an Ancient Greek root belonging to the oldest stratum of the language, with no evidence of non-Greek origin. The hero's connection to the plant is explained by the myth, either through the Myrtoan Sea where he was cast, or through other symbolic associations with the myrtle tree, which was sacred to Aphrodite and Demeter.

Linguistically, cognate words of the root «μύρτ-» include: «μύρτος» (the plant), «μυρσίνη» (the myrtle tree), «μυρτώδης» (myrtle-like), «μυρτίτης» (myrtle wine). These words maintain a direct reference to the plant and its derivatives.

Main Meanings

  1. The Charioteer of Oenomaus — His primary role in the myth, the skilled driver of the king of Pisa's chariot.
  2. Son of Hermes — His divine parentage, which endowed him with special abilities or knowledge, though it did not protect him from his fate.
  3. Symbol of Betrayal and Deceit — His act of sabotaging Oenomaus's chariot makes him an archetype of betrayal for personal gain.
  4. Originator of the Curse of the Atreidae — The curse he laid upon Pelops before his death formed the basis for the subsequent tragedies of the Atreid family.
  5. Connection to the Myrtoan Sea — His name was given to the part of the Aegean where he was thrown, making him a part of geography and memory.
  6. Victim of Injustice and Greed — Although a betrayer himself, he fell victim to Pelops's greed, completing a cycle of violence and injustice.

Word Family

Myrtilus (the myth of the charioteer)

For a mythological figure like Myrtilus, the 'root' of the word is not merely linguistic, but primarily narrative. The myth of Myrtilus functions as a central core from which other figures, events, and concepts emanate and are connected. This mythological 'root' encompasses betrayal, the curse, and the tragic consequences that shaped the destiny of entire generations, making Myrtilus the catalyst for a chain of events that affected the Atreidae. Each member of this family is directly linked to the central narrative of the charioteer.

Οἰνόμαος ὁ · noun · lex. 511
The king of Pisa, father of Hippodamia, who was killed in the chariot race due to Myrtilus's betrayal. Oenomaus's fate is directly linked to Myrtilus's action, making him the first victim in the chain of tragic events.
Πέλοψ ὁ · noun · lex. 885
The son of Tantalus, who bribed Myrtilus to win Hippodamia and later killed him, incurring the curse. Pelops is the main protagonist who exploited Myrtilus and suffered the consequences of his curse.
ἵπποι οἱ · noun · lex. 250
Oenomaus's divine horses, which were crucial for his victories in the chariot races. Myrtilus's sabotage of Oenomaus's chariot and horses is the means by which the betrayal manifested, making the horses a central element of the myth.
Ἑρμῆς ὁ · noun · lex. 353
The messenger god and father of Myrtilus. Myrtilus's divine parentage from Hermes adds depth to his story and may explain his capacity for deceit, as Hermes was also the god of thieves and tricksters.
δόλος ὁ · noun · lex. 374
The concept of deceit, cunning, and betrayal, which forms the core of Myrtilus's action. Myrtilus's treachery is the driving force behind Oenomaus's downfall and the initiation of the curse of the Atreidae.
Ἱπποδάμεια ἡ · noun · lex. 301
The daughter of Oenomaus, the prize of the chariot race, and the object of Pelops's desire and, possibly, Myrtilus's. Hippodamia is the cause of the conflict and the impetus for Myrtilus's betrayal, directly linking her to the tragic narrative.

Philosophical Journey

The myth of Myrtilus is one of the oldest and most enduring in Greek mythology, with references spanning from the Archaic period to the Roman era, shaping the understanding of fate and curses.

8th-7th C. BCE
Archaic Period
Early mentions of the myth of Oenomaus and Pelops, likely in lost epics. Hesiod and Pherecydes refer to the myth, though details about Myrtilus may vary.
5th C. BCE
Pindar
In his «Olympian Ode 1», Pindar praises Pelops but avoids the darker aspects of the myth, such as Myrtilus's betrayal, to preserve the hero's purity.
5th-4th C. BCE
Tragic Poets
The myth of Myrtilus and his curse forms the backdrop for many tragedies, especially those concerning the Atreidae, such as Aeschylus's «Oresteia», although Myrtilus himself is not a central character.
2nd C. CE
Apollodorus
Apollodorus's «Bibliotheca» (Epitome 2.6-8) provides one of the most complete and detailed accounts of the myth of Myrtilus, his betrayal, and his curse.
2nd C. CE
Pausanias
In his «Description of Greece» (5.1.7), Pausanias mentions Myrtilus's tomb in Elis and the naming of the Myrtoan Sea, confirming the enduring memory of the hero.

In Ancient Texts

Myrtilus, as a secondary but decisive character, is mentioned in various sources that illuminate his role in the fate of heroes.

«ἀλλὰ κρυφᾷ νυκτὸς δόλον ἔπραξε Μυρτίλος, ὃς ἵππων ἁρμάτων ἦν ἐπιβάτης.»
But secretly by night Myrtilus wrought the treachery, who was the driver of the horses of the chariot.
Apollodorus, Epitome 2.7
«καὶ ὁ μὲν Μυρτίλος, καταρτώμενος, ἐπηράσατο τῷ Πέλοπι καὶ τῷ γένει αὐτοῦ.»
And Myrtilus, as he fell, cursed Pelops and his race.
Apollodorus, Epitome 2.8
«λέγεται δὲ καὶ Μυρτίλου μνῆμα εἶναι ἐν τῇ Ἀρκαδίᾳ, ὃν Πέλοψ ἀποκτείνας ἔρριψεν εἰς τὸ πέλαγος.»
It is also said that there is a tomb of Myrtilus in Arcadia, whom Pelops, having killed him, cast into the sea.
Pausanias, Description of Greece 5.1.7

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΜΥΡΤΙΛΟΣ is 1150, from the sum of its letter values:

Μ = 40
Mu
Υ = 400
Upsilon
Ρ = 100
Rho
Τ = 300
Tau
Ι = 10
Iota
Λ = 30
Lambda
Ο = 70
Omicron
Σ = 200
Sigma
= 1150
Total
40 + 400 + 100 + 300 + 10 + 30 + 70 + 200 = 1150

1150 decomposes into 1100 (hundreds) + 50 (tens) + 0 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΜΥΡΤΙΛΟΣ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy1150Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology71+1+5+0 = 7. The number 7, often associated with perfection, completion, and destiny, reflects the inevitable fulfillment of Myrtilus's curse and the tragic fate of those involved.
Letter Count88 letters. The number 8, symbolizing balance and justice, may suggest the restoration of order through the vengeance and punishment that followed Myrtilus's betrayal.
Cumulative0/50/1100Units 0 · Tens 50 · Hundreds 1100
Odd/EvenEvenFeminine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonM-Y-R-T-I-L-O-SMyth's Yielding Reckless Treacherous Instigator of Lustful Oenomaus's Suffering
Grammatical Groups3V · 5C3 vowels (Y, I, O) and 5 consonants (M, R, T, L, S) — this ratio suggests a complex personality with intense action and consequences.
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephyVenus ♀ / Aquarius ♒1150 mod 7 = 2 · 1150 mod 12 = 10

Isopsephic Words (1150)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (1150) but different roots, offering a glimpse into the numerical harmony of the Greek language:

Σόλων
Solon, the great Athenian lawgiver, whose name is associated with justice and wisdom, stands in contrast to the injustice and betrayal of the Myrtilus myth.
συμβουλή
The concept of counsel or advice, often wise and guiding, contrasts with the misleading 'advice' or action of Myrtilus that led to disaster.
πλοῦτος
Wealth, material prosperity, which in Myrtilus's case was the motive for his betrayal, as he was bribed by Pelops with the promise of half the kingdom.
ἱππόφλομος
The word describing snorting horses, i.e., foaming and neighing, directly evokes the intensity and action of the chariot race that was the setting for Myrtilus's betrayal.
ἱκέτευσις
The act of supplication or entreaty can be linked to Myrtilus's final act, the curse he uttered as a plea to the gods for justice before his death.
ἀγρυπνητής
The sleepless one, one who does not sleep, can symbolize the vigilance required to prevent betrayal, or the anguish of the characters involved in the myth of Myrtilus.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 87 words with lexarithmos 1150. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed. with revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
  • ApollodorusBibliotheca, Epitome 2.6-8.
  • PausaniasDescription of Greece, Book 5: Elis 1, 1.7.
  • PindarOlympian Ode 1.
  • Grimal, PierreThe Dictionary of Classical Mythology. Blackwell Publishing, 1996.
  • Burkert, WalterGreek Religion. Harvard University Press, 1985.
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