LOGOS
PHILOSOPHICAL
συμβολικόν (τό)

ΣΥΜΒΟΛΙΚΟΝ

LEXARITHMOS 892

The symbolic nature of reality, as expressed by συμβολικόν, τό, refers to anything that functions as an indicator or representation of a deeper, often unseen, truth. From tokens of recognition in ancient Greece to philosophical and theological interpretations of the cosmos, the συμβολικόν denotes a relationship between the visible and the intelligible, the concrete and the abstract. Its lexarithmos (892) reflects the complexity of this connection.

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Definition

Συμβολικόν, as the substantivized neuter of the adjective συμβολικός, refers to the quality or nature of a symbol, or to the aggregate of symbolic meanings. While σύμβολον (symbol) can denote a concrete object or token of recognition, συμβολικόν indicates the abstract dimension, the capacity of a thing to refer to something else, something deeper or hidden.

The use of the term is found primarily in philosophical and theological texts from the Hellenistic period onwards, where the need to interpret the world and sacred texts led to the development of complex symbolic thought. It is not limited to simple indication but extends to the revelation of hidden truths through allegory and metaphor.

For the Neoplatonists, the συμβολικόν constitutes a fundamental principle for understanding the relationship between the sensible and intelligible worlds, where the former is regarded as a reflection and symbol of the latter. In Christian theology, particularly among the Church Fathers, the συμβολικόν is applied to the interpretation of Scriptures, mysteries, and liturgy, highlighting the material world as a bearer of spiritual meanings. Thus, the συμβολικόν transcends mere indication and becomes a vehicle for accessing transcendent realities.

Etymology

συμβολικόν ← συμβολικός ← σύμβολον ← συμβάλλω ← συν- (together) + βάλλω (to throw)
The word συμβολικόν derives from the adjective συμβολικός, which in turn is formed from the noun σύμβολον. The noun σύμβολον is a compound word, formed from the preposition συν- ("together") and the verb βάλλω ("to throw"). The original meaning of the root βάλλω, viz., "to throw," combined with συν-, leads to the sense of "to throw together," "to meet," "to compare," "to join." This compound represents an Ancient Greek root belonging to the oldest stratum of the language, without external influences.

From the same root συν- + βάλλω derive many words that retain the meaning of meeting, comparison, contribution, or representation. Besides σύμβολον and συμβολικός, cognate words include the verb συμβάλλω (to contribute, to compare), the noun συμβολή (a meeting, a contribution), συμβόλαιον (an agreement, contract), and the verb συμβολίζω (to represent by symbols). All these words highlight the internal dynamism of the Greek language to create complex concepts from basic verbs and prepositions.

Main Meanings

  1. Pertaining to a symbol, symbolic — The basic adjectival meaning, referring to anything related to or having the nature of a symbol.
  2. The symbolic meaning, the symbolic sense — The abstract concept or hidden message conveyed through a symbol, requiring interpretation.
  3. The symbolic character, the symbolic nature — The quality or property of a thing to function as a symbol, especially in philosophical or theological contexts.
  4. The system of symbols, symbolism — The collective body of symbols or the manner in which they are used to express ideas.
  5. Allegorical, metaphorical — Used to describe something that should not be interpreted literally, but as a representation of other concepts.
  6. Secret, esoteric — Often associated with hidden or inner meanings, particularly in mystical traditions and religions.
  7. Indicative, representative — That which serves as an indicator or representation of something else, implying a deeper connection.

Word Family

συν- + βάλλω (root meaning "to throw together")

The root συν- + βάλλω, literally meaning "to throw together," forms the basis of a rich family of words in Ancient Greek, which evolved to describe concepts such as meeting, comparison, contribution, agreement, and ultimately, the representation of an idea through a sign. From the simple physical act of "throwing objects together" emerged the abstract meaning of "mentally connecting" or "symbolizing." Each member of this family illuminates a different aspect of this fundamental connection, whether as an action, an object, or a quality.

συμβάλλω verb · lex. 1503
The verb from which many derivatives originate. It initially means "to throw together," "to meet," "to compare," "to contribute." In Herodotus and Thucydides, it is used for the clash of armies or the meeting of people, as well as for contributing to a common goal.
σύμβολον τό · noun · lex. 862
The noun meaning "token of recognition," "distinguishing mark," "watchword," "proof," and later "symbol" in the abstract sense. In the classical era, two halves of a broken object (e.g., an astragalus) served as tokens of recognition between friends or families.
συμβολή ἡ · noun · lex. 750
The noun denoting "a meeting," "convergence," "contribution," or "collision." In Plato, συμβολή can refer to the meeting of ideas or a contribution to a discussion, retaining the original meaning of "bringing together."
συμβολικός adjective · lex. 1042
The adjective meaning "pertaining to a symbol," "having the nature of a symbol," "functioning as a symbol." It is the adjectival form from which the substantivized συμβολικόν derives, emphasizing the quality of representation or indication.
συμβολίζω verb · lex. 1559
The verb meaning "to compare," "to conjecture," "to interpret symbols," "to represent by symbols." It appears in later authors and the Church Fathers, where it acquires the modern sense of "to express something by means of a symbol."
συμβόλαιον τό · noun · lex. 873
The noun meaning "agreement," "contract," "covenant." It derives from the idea of two parties "throwing together" their intentions and arriving at a common commitment, as attested in legal texts and comedies.
συμβολέως ὁ · noun · lex. 1747
The noun meaning "one who contributes," "a collaborator." It reflects the active aspect of the root, namely the act of contributing or participating in something common, as mentioned in inscriptions and administrative texts.

Philosophical Journey

The concept of the symbolic evolved from simple recognition to a complex philosophical and theological tool:

5th-4th C. BCE (Classical Period)
Tokens of Recognition
The concept of "symbol" (σύμβολον) is used for distinguishing marks and tokens. The adjective συμβολικός and its substantivized form begin to emerge, though rarely, to describe the quality of a symbol.
3rd C. BCE - 1st C. CE (Hellenistic Period)
Allegorical Interpretation
With the development of mystical cults and philosophical schools, the συμβολικόν gains greater significance as a means of expressing arcane truths. Philo of Alexandria uses the term to describe the allegorical interpretation of the Torah.
2nd-3rd C. CE (Neoplatonism)
Sensible-Intelligible Relationship
For Neoplatonic philosophers, such as Plotinus and Proclus, the συμβολικόν becomes a central concept for understanding the relationship between the sensible and intelligible worlds, where the former is considered a reflection and symbol of the latter.
3rd-5th C. CE (Early Christian Literature)
Theological Interpretation
The Church Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria and Origen, adopt and expand the use of the συμβολικόν for interpreting Scriptures, mysteries, and liturgy, viewing the material world as a bearer of spiritual meanings.
6th C. CE (Dionysius the Areopagite)
Sacred Symbolism
In the works of Pseudo-Dionysius, the συμβολικόν constitutes a fundamental principle of theology, where sensible images and rituals function as "symbolic" revelations of the transcendent God, through the language of "sacred symbolism."
Byzantine Period
Continuation and Expansion
Symbolic interpretation continues to dominate art, liturgy, and theology, with the συμβολικόν referring to the capacity of images and rituals to convey deeper theological meanings.

In Ancient Texts

Three significant passages highlighting the use of συμβολικόν:

«τὸν μὲν γὰρ κόσμον ὅλον ὥσπερ οἶκον ἢ πόλιν μεγάλην εἶναι, τὸν δὲ ἄνθρωπον μικρὸν κόσμον, ἵνα μὴ μόνον τὸ συμβολικὸν ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ ἀληθὲς ἔχῃ.»
For the whole world is like a great house or city, and man is a small world, so that it may have not only the symbolic but also the true meaning.
Philo of Alexandria, On the Creation of the World 157
«τὸ συμβολικὸν τῆς ἑρμηνείας.»
The symbolic nature of the interpretation.
Philo of Alexandria, On Dreams I.190
«καὶ γὰρ ὅσα περὶ τῆς σκηνῆς καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ κεῖται, πάντα συμβολικῶς ἐρρήθη, καὶ οὐδὲν ἄνευ τινὸς ἀπορρήτου νοήματος.»
For all that is written concerning the tabernacle and its contents was spoken symbolically, and nothing without some secret meaning.
Philo of Alexandria, On the Life of Moses II.102

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΣΥΜΒΟΛΙΚΟΝ is 892, from the sum of its letter values:

Σ = 200
Sigma
Υ = 400
Upsilon
Μ = 40
Mu
Β = 2
Beta
Ο = 70
Omicron
Λ = 30
Lambda
Ι = 10
Iota
Κ = 20
Kappa
Ο = 70
Omicron
Ν = 50
Nu
= 892
Total
200 + 400 + 40 + 2 + 70 + 30 + 10 + 20 + 70 + 50 = 892

892 decomposes into 800 (hundreds) + 90 (tens) + 2 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΣΥΜΒΟΛΙΚΟΝ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy892Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology18+9+2=19 → 1+9=10 → 1+0=1 — Monad, the beginning, unity, the primary truth indicated by the symbol.
Letter Count1010 letters — Decad, the number of completeness and order, reflecting the holistic nature of symbolic interpretation.
Cumulative2/90/800Units 2 · Tens 90 · Hundreds 800
Odd/EvenEvenFeminine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonS-Y-M-B-O-L-I-K-O-NSymbolic Yields Mystical Beautiful Original Logical Inherent Knowledge Of Nature.
Grammatical Groups5V · 6C5 vowels, 6 consonants. The balance between the fluidity of vowels and the stability of consonants, reflecting the equilibrium between the manifest and the hidden in the symbolic.
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephySun ☉ / Leo ♌892 mod 7 = 3 · 892 mod 12 = 4

Isopsephic Words (892)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (892):

αἰθροδόνητος
"shaken in clear air" — a poetic connection to the ethereal, intangible nature of symbols that often "hover" between worlds.
αἰκάλλω
"to caress, fondle" — perhaps suggesting the need for a careful and sensitive approach to interpreting symbols, which do not readily reveal themselves.
αἰτιατός
"caused, imputable" — a philosophical correspondence, as the symbolic often functions as a cause or as a result of a deeper causality.
ἀκόλαστος
"unchastised, licentious" — an interesting contrast, as the symbolic, though potentially uncontrolled in its interpretation, often seeks to tame or express the anarchic.
ἀκρομφάλιον
"tip of the navel" — a reference to the center, the origin, or a small but central point, similar to how a symbol can be a small point indicating an entire universe.
ἀκροχάλιξ
"shingle, pebble" — an earthy, tangible reference to something small and seemingly insignificant, yet capable of carrying hidden stories or forming part of a larger whole, much like a symbol.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 86 words with lexarithmos 892. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940.
  • Philo of AlexandriaOn the Creation of the World, On Dreams, On the Life of Moses.
  • PlatoRepublic, Phaedo.
  • PlotinusEnneads.
  • Pseudo-Dionysius the AreopagiteOn the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy.
  • Lampe, G. W. H.A Patristic Greek Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961.
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