LOGOS
PHILOSOPHICAL
συμπλοκή (ἡ)

ΣΥΜΠΛΟΚΗ

LEXARITHMOS 848

Symplokē, a word with a rich semantic journey, from the literal sense of 'intertwining' and 'combat' to its profound use in Platonic philosophy, where it describes the 'combination of Forms'. Its lexarithmos (848) suggests a complex balance, reflecting the intricate nature of the concepts it expresses.

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Definition

According to the Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon, symplokē (ἡ) primarily means “a plaiting together, intertwining, entanglement.” This initial sense refers to any kind of physical or mechanical connection, such as the braiding of hair, threads, or branches. From this literal usage, the word expands to describe situations where multiple elements are closely linked or interact.

In military terminology, symplokē denotes “hand-to-hand combat,” an “engagement,” or a “clash” between adversaries, where forces are intimately connected and directly interact. This meaning emphasizes the intensity and immediacy of contact, whether it be a minor skirmish or a broader conflict.

In philosophy, particularly in Plato (e.g., in the *Sophist*), symplokē acquires a deeper, metaphorical meaning, referring to the “interweaving” or “combination” of Forms (eide) and Kinds (genē). It describes how concepts can be combined with one another to form meanings and propositions, thereby making thought and discourse possible. It is the logical connection that allows for truth and falsehood.

Furthermore, symplokē is also used in a grammatical context for the “connection of words” in a sentence, as well as in broader senses such as “complication” or “involvement” in a situation, implying a state of complexity or difficulty.

Etymology

symplokē ← symplekō ← syn- + plekō (root plek-)
The word symplokē derives from the Ancient Greek verb symplekō, which is composed of the prefix syn- (meaning “together,” “jointly”) and the verb plekō (meaning “to plait,” “to weave,” “to connect”). The root plek- is an Ancient Greek root belonging to the oldest stratum of the language, denoting the action of interweaving or connecting. The addition of the prefix syn- reinforces the idea of mutual or collective action, leading to the concept of interaction and linkage.

Cognate words stemming from the same root plek- include plekō (the base verb), plokē (the act or result of weaving, also the plot of a play), plokos (a lock of hair, braid), plegma (a woven thing, net), emplokē (entanglement, complication), diaplokos (interwoven, intricate), and apoplekō (to unweave, disentangle). All these words retain the core meaning of connection, weaving, or involvement in various forms and contexts.

Main Meanings

  1. Plaiting, intertwining — The literal sense of connecting or weaving various elements together, such as branches or threads.
  2. Battle, conflict, skirmish — A military term describing engagement in hand-to-hand combat or, more generally, a clash between adversaries.
  3. Logical combination, interweaving of Forms — A philosophical concept, particularly in Plato, referring to how concepts and Kinds combine to form propositions and meanings.
  4. Grammatical connection of words — The linking of words in a sentence to create meaning.
  5. Complication, entanglement — A state of complexity, difficulty, or involvement in an affair or situation.
  6. Sexual union — A rarer usage referring to the joining of bodies.

Word Family

plek- (root of the verb plekō, meaning “to plait, to connect”)

The Ancient Greek root plek- is fundamental to understanding the concept of connection, weaving, and intricacy. From the literal act of plaiting threads or branches, this root generates a family of words that describe interaction, involvement, and synthesis on various levels—from physical contact to the logical interweaving of ideas. Each member of the family develops a specific aspect of this basic meaning, adding prefixes or suffixes that modify the original sense of intertwining.

πλέκω verb · lex. 935
The basic verb of the root, meaning “to plait, to weave, to connect.” It refers to the action of creating a whole from individual elements, such as braiding hair or a garland. (Plato, Republic 369c).
συμπλέκω verb · lex. 1575
“To plait together, to intertwine, to engage in combat.” The verb from which symplokē derives. It denotes the mutual or collective action of connecting, whether physically or metaphorically. (Thucydides, History 4.10).
πλοκή ἡ · noun · lex. 208
“The act of plaiting, weaving,” but also “the plot” of a drama or story, i.e., the complex sequence of events. (Aristotle, Poetics 1450a).
πλόκος ὁ · noun · lex. 470
“A braid, a lock of hair.” Refers to something that has been plaited or twisted, retaining the literal meaning of weaving. (Homer, Odyssey 18.173).
πλέγμα τό · noun · lex. 159
“Something woven, a net, a braid.” Describes the result of the act of weaving, a structure of interconnected elements. (Hippocrates, On Joints 10).
ἐμπλοκή ἡ · noun · lex. 253
“Entanglement, complication, difficulty.” Denotes a situation where someone or something is entangled or trapped. (Plato, Laws 793a).
διάπλοκος adjective · lex. 485
“Interwoven, intricate.” Describes something that is interconnected or has a complex, tangled structure. (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, On Literary Composition 24).
ἀποπλέκω verb · lex. 1086
“To unweave, to disentangle, to unravel.” The opposite of plekō, it denotes the action of disconnecting or resolving a complication. (Plutarch, Parallel Lives, Alexander 18).
καταπλέκω verb · lex. 1257
“To weave down, to entangle, to complicate.” Denotes the action of thoroughly entangling something or creating a complex situation. (Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.6.46).

Philosophical Journey

The semantic evolution of symplokē reflects the increasing abstraction of Greek thought:

8th-6th C. BCE
Homeric and Archaic Period
The root plek- is present in verbs and nouns describing plaiting and weaving. Symplokē as a concept of combat is implied in descriptions of clashes.
5th C. BCE
Classical Period (Historiography)
The word is frequently used by historians like Thucydides to describe military conflicts and hand-to-hand combat, emphasizing direct engagement.
4th C. BCE
Platonic Philosophy
Plato, especially in the dialogue *Sophist*, develops the metaphorical and philosophical meaning of symplokē as the “combination of Kinds” or “Forms,” making language and thought possible.
4th C. BCE
Aristotelian Theory
Aristotle uses symplokē in his *Poetics* to describe the “complication” of the action or plot in a drama, i.e., the interaction of events.
Hellenistic and Roman Periods
Grammar and Rhetoric
The word finds application in grammar to describe the connection of words in a sentence and in rhetoric for the intricacy of an argument.
Byzantine Period
Continuity and Expansion
Symplokē retains its previous meanings while extending into theological and legal texts to describe complex relationships or involvements.

In Ancient Texts

Three characteristic passages highlight the different uses of symplokē:

«τὴν τῶν εἰδῶν πρὸς ἄλληλα συμπλοκήν»
the interweaving of the Forms with one another
Plato, Sophist 259e
«ἐν τῇ συμπλοκῇ οὐδὲν ἧσσον ἔπρασσον»
in the engagement they fared no worse
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.10.3
«τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων συμπλοκῆς»
the complication of the incidents
Aristotle, Poetics 1450a

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΣΥΜΠΛΟΚΗ is 848, from the sum of its letter values:

Σ = 200
Sigma
Υ = 400
Upsilon
Μ = 40
Mu
Π = 80
Pi
Λ = 30
Lambda
Ο = 70
Omicron
Κ = 20
Kappa
Η = 8
Eta
= 848
Total
200 + 400 + 40 + 80 + 30 + 70 + 20 + 8 = 848

848 decomposes into 800 (hundreds) + 40 (tens) + 8 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΣΥΜΠΛΟΚΗ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy848Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology28+4+8 = 20 → 2+0 = 2 — Dyad, the principle of connection and opposition, the duality of elements that interweave.
Letter Count88 letters — Octad, the number of completeness and balance, symbolizing integrated connection.
Cumulative8/40/800Units 8 · Tens 40 · Hundreds 800
Odd/EvenEvenFeminine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonΣ-Υ-Μ-Π-Λ-Ο-Κ-ΗSynthesis of Subjects Among Multiple Logical Entities According to Us.
Grammatical Groups3V · 5C · 0A3 vowels (υ, ο, η) and 5 consonants (σ, μ, π, λ, κ). The ratio of vowels to consonants suggests a balanced structure.
PalindromesYes (numeric)Number reads same reversed
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephyMercury ☿ / Sagittarius ♐848 mod 7 = 1 · 848 mod 12 = 8

Isopsephic Words (848)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (848) as symplokē, but from different roots:

βασιλεύς
The “king,” the “ruler.” Its isopsephy with symplokē may suggest the complexity of power or the need for connection and coordination in leadership.
ὑπήκοος
The “subject,” one who “listens under,” i.e., obeys. An interesting connection with symplokē, as obedience implies a connection and submission to a higher structure.
τελετής
The “initiator,” the “priest.” The isopsephy may allude to the intricate interweaving of ritual acts and symbols, or the individual's involvement in a sacred process.
συμπνοή
“Concord,” “breathing together,” “unanimity.” Similar prefix (syn-), but a different root (-pneō). The isopsephy highlights the concept of harmonious connection and cooperation, in contrast to the conflict that symplokē can imply.
σκιρίτης
The “Skiritēs,” a member of an elite Spartan military unit. The connection to symplokē might refer to their involvement in battles or the complex structure of their military organization.
πινυτή
The “pinyte,” a “prudent,” “wise” woman. The isopsephy may suggest the ability of wisdom to connect and understand complex situations, or the internal interweaving of thought.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 82 words with lexarithmos 848. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon, with a revised supplement. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996.
  • PlatoSophist, edited by John Burnet, Oxford University Press, 1903.
  • ThucydidesHistory of the Peloponnesian War, edited by H. Stuart Jones, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1900.
  • AristotlePoetics, edited by R. Kassel, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1965.
  • Chantraine, P.Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque: histoire des mots. Klincksieck, Paris, 1968-1980.
  • Montanari, F.Vocabolario della lingua greca. Loescher, Torino, 2013.
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