LOGOS
THEOLOGICAL
θέλημα (τό)

ΘΕΛΗΜΑ

LEXARITHMOS 93

Thelema, a word traversing Greek thought from classical philosophy to Christian theology, expresses the concept of will, desire, and purpose. In the New Testament, the "will of God" (τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ) becomes a central axis, signifying the sovereign intention and plan of the Creator. Its lexarithmos (93) underscores the importance of choice and a determined course.

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Definition

According to the Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon, θέλημα (τό) primarily means "will, desire, purpose, decision." The word derives from the verb θέλω, meaning "to wish, to desire, to be willing, to prefer." In classical Greek, though less frequent than βούλησις, it describes human desire or intention, often in relation to the fulfillment of a goal. For instance, in Plato, θέλημα can refer to the soul's desire or an individual's purpose.

The word's significance expands and gains particular weight during the Hellenistic period and especially in the Koine Greek of the Septuagint and the New Testament. Here, θέλημα is used extensively to denote not only human will but, pre-eminently, the "will of God" (τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ). This divine will is not merely a desire but a sovereign, determining intention and plan that dictates the course of events and human salvation. It is the manifestation of divine authority and love.

In Christian theology, obedience to the will of God becomes a central virtue and a prerequisite for spiritual life. The phrase "Thy will be done" (γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου) from the Lord's Prayer encapsulates this tradition, emphasizing complete submission and trust in God's providence. Θέλημα is differentiated from simple desire (ἐπιθυμία) as it carries the connotation of conscious decision and purpose.

Etymology

θέλημα ← θέλω ← ΘΕΛ- (Ancient Greek root belonging to the oldest stratum of the language)
The root ΘΕΛ- is Ancient Greek and belongs to the oldest stratum of the language, without clear extra-Hellenic correlations. It expresses the concept of desire, will, and intention. From this root are derived both the verb θέλω and the noun θέλημα, as well as a series of other derivatives related to voluntary action or desire.

From the root ΘΕΛ- are derived words such as the verb θέλω ("to wish, to be willing"), the adjective θελητός ("desired, wished for"), the noun θέλησις ("will, desire"), and compounds like ἀθέλητος ("unwilling, involuntary"). The root maintains its basic meaning throughout the word family, emphasizing the active aspect of willing.

Main Meanings

  1. Desire, wish — Simple human longing for something.
  2. Will, intention — The conscious decision or purpose of an individual.
  3. Divine will, providence — The sovereign intention and plan of God, especially in the New Testament.
  4. Command, decree — That which is ordained or commanded by a higher authority, as an expression of its will.
  5. Voluntary act, consent — An action performed willingly, as opposed to involuntarily.
  6. Choice, preference — The preference of one thing over another, as a result of will.
  7. Disposition, state of mind — The inner state or inclination of the soul towards something.

Word Family

ΘΕΛ- (root of the verb θέλω, meaning "to wish, to be willing")

The Ancient Greek root ΘΕΛ- forms the basis of a word family centered around the concept of will, desire, and intention. Although its precise origin belongs to the oldest stratum of the Greek language, its semantic contribution is clear: it expresses an inner inclination towards an action or state. From this root are developed verbs denoting the act of willing, nouns describing will itself as a concept, and adjectives characterizing what is desired or voluntary. Each member of the family illuminates a different facet of this fundamental human and divine attribute.

θέλω verb · lex. 844
The primary verb of the family, meaning "to wish, to be willing, to prefer." In classical Greek, it expresses human desire, while in the New Testament, it often refers to the will of God or human free will. (e.g., «οὐ θέλω θάνατον τοῦ ἀποθνῄσκοντος» — Ezek. 18:32, LXX).
ἐθέλω verb · lex. 849
An intensified or older form of θέλω, with the same basic meaning "to wish, to be willing, to be ready." It is frequently used in Homeric and classical literature, emphasizing readiness or free choice.
θέλησις ἡ · noun · lex. 462
A noun meaning "will, desire, intention." It is a synonym of θέλημα, though θέλημα tends to emphasize the outcome or content of the will, while θέλησις focuses on the process or faculty of willing itself.
ἀθέλητος adjective · lex. 623
Meaning "unwilling, involuntary, done without one's will." The privative "ἀ-" reverses the root's meaning, describing an action or state not resulting from will or desire.
θελητός adjective · lex. 622
Meaning "desired, wished for, pleasant." It describes something that is an object of will or desire, emphasizing its value or attractiveness.
ἐθελοντής ὁ · noun · lex. 677
The "volunteer," one who offers services willingly, without compulsion. The word emphasizes the free and willing intention behind an action.
ἐθελοντικῶς adverb · lex. 1499
Meaning "voluntarily, willingly, readily." It describes the manner in which an action is performed, highlighting its voluntary nature.
ἀθέλημα τό · noun · lex. 94
Meaning "unwillingness, reluctance, that which is not desired." Like ἀθέλητος, with the privative "ἀ-" it denotes the absence of will or opposition to it.

Philosophical Journey

The word θέλημα has a rich trajectory in Greek thought, evolving from its classical use for human desire into a central theological term.

5th-4th C. BCE
Classical Greek
Appears in texts by philosophers like Plato and historians like Xenophon, primarily referring to human desire, intention, or will. Its usage is less frequent than βούλησις.
3rd C. BCE - 1st C. CE
Hellenistic Koine & Septuagint
In the Septuagint (LXX) translation, θέλημα is used to render the Hebrew concept of "ratzon" (רצון), meaning God's will or good pleasure, thus preparing its theological significance.
1st C. CE
New Testament
Acquires central theological importance, referring almost exclusively to the "will of God" (τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ). It signifies God's sovereign intention for salvation and the order of the world (e.g., Matt. 6:10, Rom. 12:2).
2nd-5th C. CE
Patristic Theology
Church Fathers, such as Basil the Great and John Chrysostom, further develop the distinction between divine and human will, as well as the concept of human free will in relation to God's will.
6th-7th C. CE
Byzantine Theology
In Christological controversies, particularly concerning Monothelitism, θέλημα becomes a pivotal term. Maximus the Confessor defends the existence of two wills (divine and human) in Christ, definitively shaping Christological terminology.
Modern Greek
Modern Greek
The word retains its meaning of "will" and "desire," in both secular and religious contexts, although it is often replaced by βούληση or επιθυμία in everyday speech.

In Ancient Texts

Three of the most significant passages that highlight the importance of θέλημα in the New Testament and Patristic thought.

«γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου, ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς.»
“Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.”
Gospel of Matthew 6:10 (The Lord's Prayer)
«καὶ μὴ συσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ, ἀλλὰ μεταμορφοῦσθε τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός, εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς τί τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ, τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ εὐάρεστον καὶ τέλειον.»
“Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect.”
Apostle Paul, Letter to the Romans 12:2
«Οὐ γὰρ ἦλθον ἵνα ποιήσω τὸ θέλημα τὸ ἐμόν, ἀλλὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με.»
“For I have not come to do my own will, but the will of him who sent me.”
Gospel of John 5:30

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΘΕΛΗΜΑ is 93, from the sum of its letter values:

Θ = 9
Theta
Ε = 5
Epsilon
Λ = 30
Lambda
Η = 8
Eta
Μ = 40
Mu
Α = 1
Alpha
= 93
Total
9 + 5 + 30 + 8 + 40 + 1 = 93

93 decomposes into 90 (tens) + 3 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΘΕΛΗΜΑ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy93Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology39+3=12 → 1+2=3 — Triad, perfect balance, the completion of purpose.
Letter Count67 letters (Θ-Ε-Λ-Η-Μ-Α) — Heptad, the number of perfection and divine order.
Cumulative3/90/0Units 3 · Tens 90 · Hundreds 0
Odd/EvenOddMasculine force
Left/Right HandLeftMaterial (<100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonΘ-Ε-Λ-Η-Μ-ΑΘεία Ἐντολὴ Λυτρώνει Ἡμᾶς Μέσω Ἀγάπης (Divine Command Redeems Us Through Love). (An interpretive connection to divine will and salvation.)
Grammatical Groups3V · 4C3 vowels (E, H, A) and 4 consonants (Θ, Λ, Μ) — a harmonious composition suggesting stability and expression.
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephyVenus ♀ / Capricorn ♑93 mod 7 = 2 · 93 mod 12 = 9

Isopsephic Words (93)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (93) as θέλημα, but from different roots, offering an interesting numerical coexistence.

ἀγάπη
"Love," specifically selfless love, especially Christian love. Its coexistence with θέλημα (93) is deeply theological, as God's will is expressed through love.
αἰβοῖ
An interjection expressing disgust or aversion. It represents a strong emotional reaction, in contrast to the conscious will implied by θέλημα.
ἀοιδή
The "ode," "song." It connects to art and expression, offering a poetic dimension alongside the practical and theological aspects of θέλημα.
νείκη
"Strife," "quarrel," "contention." It represents opposition and conflict, in stark contrast to the unity and purpose implied by θέλημα.
διέδεξε
A verb in the aorist tense, "he showed, he pointed out." It implies revelation or manifestation, an action that can be linked to the manifestation of will.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 12 words with lexarithmos 93. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940.
  • Bauer, W., Arndt, W. F., Gingrich, F. W., Danker, F. W.A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (BDAG). 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
  • PlatoRepublic, Laws.
  • New TestamentGospel of Matthew, Letter to the Romans, Gospel of John.
  • Basil the GreatOn the Holy Spirit.
  • Maximus the ConfessorAmbigua, Letters.
  • Lampe, G. W. H.A Patristic Greek Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961.
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