LOGOS
MYTHOLOGICAL
Ὦτος (ὁ)

ΩΤΟΣ

LEXARITHMOS 1370

Otus, along with his twin brother Ephialtes, was one of the Aloadae, gigantic figures of Greek mythology renowned for their immense strength and their hubris against the Olympian gods. His name, linked to the root of "to push, thrust," signifies the impetuosity and aggressiveness that characterized this mythical hero. His lexarithmos (1370) reflects the complex nature of power and defiance.

REPORT ERROR

Definition

Otus, a masculine noun, is primarily a proper name in ancient Greek mythology, referring to one of the two Aloadae, sons of Poseidon and Iphimedeia (wife of Aloeus). Together with his brother Ephialtes, Otus was known for his rapid growth — each year he grew a cubit in width and three in height — reaching colossal dimensions. Mythology portrays them as figures of immense strength and arrogance.

The Aloadae, and Otus in particular, are famous for their hubris against the Olympian gods. The culmination of this hubris was their attempt to ascend Olympus by piling mountains one upon another (Ossa upon Olympus and Pelion upon Ossa), with the aim of reaching the heavens. Furthermore, they dared to capture the god of war, Ares, and held him imprisoned for thirteen months in a bronze jar.

The story of Otus and Ephialtes serves as a classic example of the punishment for hubris in Greek mythology. Their downfall came at the hands of Apollo, who slew them with his arrows, often with the intervention of Artemis, who tricked them into killing each other. The figure of Otus symbolizes uncontrolled power and the destructive consequences of arrogance in defiance of divine order.

Etymology

Otus ← ōth- (root of the verb ōtheō)
The name Otus is etymologically connected to the Ancient Greek root ōth-, from which the verb ōtheō derives, meaning "to push, thrust, shove forward." This root belongs to the oldest stratum of the Greek language and denotes the concept of force, propulsion, and aggressive movement. This connection is particularly fitting for the mythical character of Otus, who was known for his colossal strength and impetuous nature in challenging the gods.

From the root ōth- arises a series of words describing actions of pushing, repelling, or propelling. These words reflect the various manifestations of the basic concept of force and movement. This root, though not as prolific as others, has yielded significant derivatives used both literally and metaphorically to describe the impact of a force on something or someone.

Main Meanings

  1. Mythological Giant — One of the Aloadae, son of Poseidon and Iphimedeia, known for his colossal strength and hubris.
  2. Symbol of Excessive Power — A reference to someone or something of immense, uncontrolled power or size, like the mythical giants.
  3. Symbol of Hubris and Arrogance — Representative of arrogant defiance of divine order and limits, leading to destruction.
  4. Personification of Impetuosity — The embodiment of an impetuous, aggressive nature, linked to the etymology of the name from "to push."
  5. Reference to Colossal Undertakings — In metaphorical use, it can refer to works or endeavors of enormous scale and ambition, such as the piling of mountains.

Word Family

ōth- (root of the verb ōtheō)

The root ōth- forms the basis of a group of words describing the action of pushing, moving with force. From this root derive both simple and compound verbs, as well as nouns denoting the act or result of pushing. Its semantic range covers from the physical act of shoving to the repulsion or advancement of ideas or situations. The connection of the mythical Otus to this root underscores the inherent power and impetuosity of his character.

ὠθέω verb · lex. 1614
The basic verb from which the root ōth- derives. It means "to push, thrust, move with force." It is widely used in classical literature to describe physical actions, such as pushing an object or thrusting in battle (e.g., Thucydides, Histories).
ὦσις ἡ · noun · lex. 1210
A noun denoting the act or result of ōtheō, i.e., "a pushing, thrusting, shoving." Often used in medical texts for expulsion or displacement, but also in a more general context for the application of force.
ἀπωθέω verb · lex. 1695
A compound verb (apo + ōtheō) meaning "to push away, repel, remove." It can refer to both physical repulsion and metaphorical, such as the rejection of an idea or the repelling of an enemy (e.g., Plato, Republic).
ἀπώθησις ἡ · noun · lex. 1308
A noun denoting the act of repulsion, "removal, rejection, denial." It is used to describe the action of apōtheō, in both physical and psychological or legal contexts.
προωθέω verb · lex. 1864
A compound verb (pro + ōtheō) meaning "to push forward, advance, propel." It is used to describe forward movement, either literally or metaphorically, such as the advancement of a plan or an idea.
ἔξωσις ἡ · noun · lex. 1275
A noun denoting the act of expulsion, "driving out, ejection, eviction." It derives from exōtheō (ek + ōtheō) and is used for removal from a place or situation, often by force.
ἀντωθέω verb · lex. 1945
A compound verb (anti + ōtheō) meaning "to push against, resist with a thrust, repel." It describes resistance to a force or pressure, whether physical or metaphorical, such as resisting an attack.
ὠθισμός ὁ · noun · lex. 1314
A noun meaning "a pushing, jostling, thrusting." It derives from the verb ōthizō, which is related to ōtheō and describes repeated or mutual pushing, as in a crowd.

Philosophical Journey

The story of Otus and his brother Ephialtes runs through ancient Greek literature, serving as a timeless example of human ambition and divine retribution.

8th C. BCE
Homer, Odyssey
The first significant mention of the Aloadae, Otus and Ephialtes, where their mother, Iphimedeia, recounts their story to Odysseus in the Underworld (Od. 11.305-320). They are described as the most beautiful and largest mortals.
7th-6th C. BCE
Hesiod, Catalogue of Women (Ehoiai)
Provides more details on the birth and rapid growth of the Aloadae, as well as the threat they posed to the gods.
5th C. BCE
Pindar, Pythian Odes
Pindar refers to the Aloadae as examples of strength and audacity, emphasizing their excessive ambition (Pyth. 4.88-90).
1st C. BCE - 1st C. CE
Virgil, Aeneid
The Roman poet Virgil incorporates the story of the Aloadae into his "Aeneid," describing their punishment in Tartarus (Aen. 6.582-584), demonstrating the enduring influence of the myth.
1st-2nd C. CE
Apollodorus, Library
Apollodorus provides the most complete and systematic account of the Aloadae myth, including the imprisonment of Ares and their death at the hands of Apollo (Bibl. 1.7.4).

In Ancient Texts

Two key passages from ancient literature referring to the Aloadae and Otus:

«οἳ δὴ καὶ μέγιστοι ἀνετράφησαν, καὶ κάλλιστοι μετὰ τὸν Ὦτον καὶ τὸν Ἐφιάλτην.»
"These (the Aloadae) were reared to be the greatest, and the most beautiful after Otus and Ephialtes."
Homer, Odyssey 11.310-311
«οὗτοι δὲ Ὦτος καὶ Ἐφιάλτης ὠνομάσθησαν, καὶ ἦσαν ἀνδρεῖοι καὶ μέγιστοι, καὶ ἐβούλοντο τοῖς θεοῖς πολεμεῖν.»
"These were named Otus and Ephialtes, and they were brave and exceedingly great, and they wished to wage war against the gods."
Apollodorus, Library 1.7.4

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΩΤΟΣ is 1370, from the sum of its letter values:

Ω = 800
Omega
Τ = 300
Tau
Ο = 70
Omicron
Σ = 200
Sigma
= 1370
Total
800 + 300 + 70 + 200 = 1370

1370 decomposes into 1300 (hundreds) + 70 (tens) + 0 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΩΤΟΣ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy1370Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology21+3+7+0 = 11 → 1+1 = 2 — Dyad: Symbolizes duality (two brothers), opposition, and conflict, elements central to the myth of the Aloadae.
Letter Count44 letters — Tetrad: Represents stability and material strength, but also the limits that the Aloadae attempted to transgress.
Cumulative0/70/1300Units 0 · Tens 70 · Hundreds 1300
Odd/EvenEvenFeminine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonΩ-Τ-Ο-ΣAs Tremendous, Ominous Symbols: An interpretation highlighting their audacity and their destructive fate.
Grammatical Groups2V · 2C · 0A · 0D2 vowels (Ω, Ο) and 2 consonants (Τ, Σ), emphasizing the balance between sound and structure, as well as the intensity of the composition.
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephyJupiter ♃ / Gemini ♊1370 mod 7 = 5 · 1370 mod 12 = 2

Isopsephic Words (1370)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (1370) as Otus, but from different roots:

ἀνθρώπινος
The word "anthrōpinos" (1370), meaning "human," stands in interesting contrast to Otus, who, though mortal, far exceeded human measures in size and strength, challenging the very limits of human nature.
κατορθόω
The verb "katorthoō" (1370), meaning "to set upright, succeed," can be associated with the Aloadae's attempt to "set upright" mountains to reach Olympus, though their own endeavor led to failure and punishment.
μόνωσις
The noun "monōsis" (1370), meaning "isolation, solitude," can be paralleled with the unique and isolated position of the Aloadae as giants who challenged the gods, ultimately leading them to the isolation of Tartarus.
συνιερεύς
The noun "syniereus" (1370), meaning "fellow priest," represents order and hierarchy, in stark contrast to the disorder and hubris of Otus, who defied all sacred order.
ὕψος
The noun "hypsos" (1370), meaning "height, summit," is directly connected to the story of Otus, as the Aloadae attempted to reach the height of Olympus by piling mountains, in an act of extreme ambition.
φιλόκροτος
The adjective "philokrotos" (1370), "fond of applause," may suggest the desire for recognition and glory that perhaps motivated the hubris of the Aloadae, leading them to actions that sought attention, even in a destructive manner.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 95 words with lexarithmos 1370. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford University Press, 9th ed., 1940.
  • HomerOdyssey, Book 11.
  • ApollodorusLibrary, Book 1, Chapter 7, Paragraph 4.
  • HesiodCatalogue of Women (Ehoiai), Fragments.
  • PindarPythian Odes, Ode 4.
  • VirgilAeneid, Book 6.
  • Grimal, PierreThe Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Blackwell Publishing, 1996.
Explore this word in the interactive tool
Live AI filtering of isopsephic words + all methods active
OPEN THE TOOL →
← All words
Report an Error
Continue for free
To continue your research, complete the free registration.
FREE SIGN UP