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ἀπομίμημα (τό)

ΑΠΟΜΙΜΗΜΑ

LEXARITHMOS 290

The concept of ἀπομίμημα, "imitation" or "copy," forms a foundational cornerstone of Platonic philosophy, particularly in the Republic, where it describes how sensible things are inferior versions of eternal Forms. Its lexarithmos (290) suggests a connection with the idea of reproduction and reflection.

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Definition

According to the Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon, ἀπομίμημα (to) primarily means "an imitation, a copy, a mimicry." It derives from the verb ἀπομιμέομαι, meaning "to imitate, to copy from." This word is central to ancient Greek philosophy, especially in Plato, where it is used to describe the relationship between sensible objects and intelligible Forms.

In the Platonic system, the things we perceive with our senses are "ἀπομιμήματα" of the eternal and perfect Forms or Ideas. For instance, a particular horse is an ἀπομίμημα of the Form of Horse. This relationship implies a hierarchy, where the ἀπομίμημα is always inferior in reality and perfection to the original. Plato employs this concept to explain the imperfect nature of the material world in relation to the world of Forms.

The notion of ἀπομίμημα is not confined to metaphysics alone. It extends to art, where the artist creates an ἀπομίμημα of nature or reality, which in turn is already an ἀπομίμημα of the Forms. Thus, art, for Plato, is "μίμησις μιμήσεως," an imitation of an imitation, and therefore three steps removed from truth. This critique of art as imitation is one of the most well-known aspects of Platonic aesthetics.

The word retains its basic meaning of reproduction or copying, but its philosophical charge makes it a powerful tool for understanding the relationship between original and copy, reality and appearance, and the hierarchy of existence.

Etymology

ἀπομίμημα ← ἀπομιμέομαι ← ἀπο- + μιμέομαι ← μιμ- (Ancient Greek root belonging to the oldest stratum of the language)
The word ἀπομίμημα originates from the verb ἀπομιμέομαι, which is composed of the preposition ἀπο- ("from, away from") and the verb μιμέομαι ("to imitate, to copy"). The root μιμ- is an Ancient Greek root belonging to the oldest stratum of the language, without clear external cognates. The addition of ἀπο- reinforces the sense of removal or origin from something, suggesting that the copy derives "from" the original but is distinct from it.

Cognate words derived from the same root μιμ- include the verb μιμέομαι, the noun μίμησις (the act of imitation), μίμημα (the result of imitation, the copy), μιμητής (the imitator), and the adjective μιμητικός (imitative). Also, compounds such as παντομίμος (one who imitates everything) and ἔκμιμος (copied from). All these words revolve around the central idea of reproduction, copying, and resemblance.

Main Meanings

  1. Copy, imitation — The most basic meaning, the result of the act of imitation.
  2. Image, likeness — Something that resembles something else, a representation.
  3. Model, pattern (rare) — In certain contexts, it can refer to something to be copied.
  4. Philosophical concept (Plato) — Sensible things as inferior representations of eternal Forms.
  5. Artistic representation — A work of art as an imitation of nature or reality.
  6. Behavioral imitation — The copying of actions or manners of others.

Word Family

μιμ- (root of the verb μιμέομαι, meaning "to resemble, to copy")

The root μιμ- forms the core of a family of words revolving around the concept of resemblance, representation, and copying. Originating from the oldest stratum of the Greek language, this root expresses the idea of "becoming like" or "creating something that resembles." From this basic meaning, concepts related to art, philosophy, and everyday behavior develop, describing both the act and the result of imitation. Each member of the family illuminates a different aspect of this fundamental human tendency.

μιμέομαι verb · lex. 216
The primary verb of the family, meaning "to imitate, to copy, to represent." It is widely used in classical literature to describe the act of imitation in art, music, rhetoric, and human behavior. In Plato, μιμέομαι is the action that produces ἀπομιμήματα.
μίμησις ἡ · noun · lex. 528
The act or process of imitation, of representation. In Platonic philosophy, μίμησις is the principle by which the material world copies the Forms, and art copies the material world. In Aristotle's Poetics, μίμησις is the essence of art, a natural human tendency.
μίμημα τό · noun · lex. 139
The result of imitation, the copy, the representation. It is the most direct cognate of ἀπομίμημα, without the prefix ἀπο-. It describes the object itself that has been imitated, such as a sculpture or a painting.
μιμητής ὁ · noun · lex. 606
One who imitates, the copyist, the artist who represents. In Plato, the μιμητής (e.g., the painter) is one who creates ἀπομιμήματα, and is far from the truth.
μιμητικός adjective · lex. 698
Having the quality of imitating, related to imitation. It describes the capacity or nature of imitation. For example, «μιμητικαὶ τέχναι» are the arts based on imitation.
ἀπομιμέομαι verb · lex. 367
The verb from which ἀπομίμημα is derived, meaning "to imitate from something, to copy." The prefix ἀπο- emphasizes the origin of the copy from an original, highlighting the relationship of dependence.
παντομίμος ὁ · noun · lex. 861
One who imitates everything, an actor who performs pantomime. The word combines πᾶν ("all") with the root μιμ-, indicating a universal capacity for imitation, especially in theater and acting.
ἔκμιμος adjective · lex. 385
Copied, imitated. The prefix ἐκ- ("out of, from") reinforces the idea of origin from an original, similar to ἀπο-, but with an emphasis on the extraction or production of the copy.

Philosophical Journey

The concept of imitation and ἀπομίμημα has a long and complex history in Greek thought, from early references in art to its culmination in Platonic philosophy.

5th C. BCE (Presocratics)
Early References
The concept of imitation begins to appear in relation to art and nature. Heraclitus mentions human imitation of nature.
4th C. BCE (Plato)
Platonic Theory
Plato develops the most influential theory of ἀπομίμημα in the Republic and other works. Sensible things are ἀπομιμήματα of the Forms, and art is an ἀπομίμημα of an ἀπομίμημα.
4th C. BCE (Aristotle)
Aristotelian Redefinition
In the Poetics, Aristotle redefines the concept of imitation (μίμησις) as a natural human tendency and the basis of art, but with a different, more positive connotation than Plato.
Hellenistic Period
Rhetoric and Literature
The concept continues to be discussed in philosophical schools, often in relation to rhetoric and literature, where the imitation of models is considered important for stylistic development.
Roman Period (Graeco-Roman)
Latin Adoption
Latin authors such as Cicero and Quintilian adopt and translate the concept of imitation (imitatio) into the Roman context, primarily in rhetoric and pedagogy.
Byzantine Period
Theology and Art
The concept of imitation is maintained in theology and art, with believers imitating Christ or the saints, and iconography serving as an imitation of heavenly archetypes.

In Ancient Texts

Plato's use of ἀπομίμημα is the most iconic, defining its philosophical trajectory.

«οὐκοῦν τριτταί τινες κλῖναι γίγνονται, μία μὲν ἡ ἐν τῇ φύσει οὖσα, ἣν φαμεν, ὡς ἐγᾦμαι, θεὸν ἐργάσασθαι, ἢ οὐδένα ἄλλον;» «μία δὲ ἣν ὁ τέκτων, μία δὲ ἣν ὁ ζωγράφος;» «οὐκοῦν ὁ μὲν ζωγράφος, φαμέν, μιμητὴς τριττὸς ἀπὸ τῆς φύσεως;» «ἀπομίμημα ἄρα τοῦ ἀληθοῦς ἐστιν ὁ μιμητής;»
“Are there not, then, three kinds of beds? One that exists in nature, which, I suppose, we say God made, or no one else?” “One that the carpenter made, and one that the painter made?” “The painter, we say, is the imitator, third from nature?” “Is the imitator, then, a copy of the true?”
Plato, Republic 597e-598b
«τὰ δὲ ἄλλα πάντα ἀπομιμήματα τούτων ἐστίν.»
“All other things are imitations of these.”
Plato, Timaeus 31a
«τῆς δὲ μιμήσεως τῆς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις οὐκ ἔστιν ἀπομίμημα.»
“Of the imitation that is in words, there is no copy.”
Aristotle, Poetics 1447a

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΑΠΟΜΙΜΗΜΑ is 290, from the sum of its letter values:

Α = 1
Alpha
Π = 80
Pi
Ο = 70
Omicron
Μ = 40
Mu
Ι = 10
Iota
Μ = 40
Mu
Η = 8
Eta
Μ = 40
Mu
Α = 1
Alpha
= 290
Total
1 + 80 + 70 + 40 + 10 + 40 + 8 + 40 + 1 = 290

290 decomposes into 200 (hundreds) + 90 (tens) + 0 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΑΠΟΜΙΜΗΜΑ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy290Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology22+9+0 = 11 → 1+1 = 2 — Dyad, the principle of division, reflection, and duality (original-copy).
Letter Count99 letters — Ennead, the number of completion and perfection, but here inverted in relation to the imperfection of the copy.
Cumulative0/90/200Units 0 · Tens 90 · Hundreds 200
Odd/EvenEvenFeminine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonA-P-O-M-I-M-E-M-AA Partial Original Manifesting Imperfect Mimicry, Embodying Metaphysical Archetypes.
Grammatical Groups4V · 0S · 5C4 vowels (A, O, I, E), 0 semivowels, 5 consonants. The ratio of vowels to consonants suggests a word with fluidity and flow, capable of being represented.
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephySun ☉ / Gemini ♊290 mod 7 = 3 · 290 mod 12 = 2

Isopsephic Words (290)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos 290, but different roots, offering a glimpse into the numerical harmony of the Greek language.

μάσημα
the act of chewing, mastication. An interesting comparison with ἀπομίμημα, as both words refer to a process (imitation, chewing) that produces a result, a "product."
νεκροθήκη
the charnel-house, tomb. A word that carries the weight of death and preservation, in contrast to the reproduction and creation implied by ἀπομίμημα.
κενοδοξία
vainglory, empty glory. A concept that stands in opposition to the Platonic pursuit of truth, as vainglory is "empty glory," a false appearance, just as ἀπομίμημα is an inferior appearance of the Form.
ἀναλογεῖον
the lectern, a stand for books. A word that implies support and order, in contrast to the "removal" from the original that ἀπομίμημα entails.
ἐμβελής
far-reaching, having a long range. An interesting contrast, as ἀπομίμημα is a "removal" from the source, while ἐμβελής is an "approach" over a great distance.
ῥόον
the pomegranate. A word referring to a natural fruit, an original of nature, in contrast to ἀπομίμημα which is a copy.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 42 words with lexarithmos 290. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940.
  • PlatoRepublic. Edited by John Burnet, Oxford Classical Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903.
  • PlatoTimaeus. Edited by John Burnet, Oxford Classical Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903.
  • AristotlePoetics. Edited by Rudolf Kassel, Oxford Classical Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.
  • Jaeger, WernerPaideia: The Ideals of Greek Culture. Volume II: In Search of the Divine Centre. Translated by Gilbert Highet. Oxford University Press, 1943.
  • Else, Gerald F.Aristotle's Poetics: The Argument. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957.
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