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ἔγκριτος (—)

ΕΓΚΡΙΤΟΣ

LEXARITHMOS 708

Enkritos (ἔγκριτος) as the distinguished, selected, or approved individual. The word signifies worth derived from a process of judgment and selection, rendering the person or thing trustworthy and respected. Its lexarithmos (708) is mathematically linked to the perfection of judgment and discernment.

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Definition

According to the Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon, ἔγκριτος means "chosen, distinguished, approved." It is an adjective characterizing persons or things that have undergone a process of judgment, evaluation, or selection and have been found worthy, superior, or suitable for a specific role or position. The concept of "judgment" (κρίσις) is central, as "approval" is not arbitrary but based on specific criteria.

The word is frequently used to describe citizens selected for public office, soldiers deemed competent, or even philosophical ideas accepted by a school of thought. It implies a distinction that is not merely social but often associated with ability, wisdom, or virtue. In the Athenian democracy, for instance, the "ἔγκριτοι" citizens were those fully entitled to participate in political affairs.

The meaning of the word also extends to objects or texts considered authentic, reliable, or canonical. An "ἔγκριτον" text is one that has been approved or recognized as valid. Thus, the word bridges the concept of personal merit with institutional recognition and intellectual authority.

Etymology

ἔγκριτος ← ἐν- + κρίνω. The root κριν- derives from the Ancient Greek verb κρίνω.
The word ἔγκριτος is formed from the prefix ἐν- (here denoting "in," "among," or "in a state of") and the verb κρίνω, which means "to separate, distinguish, discern, judge, decide." The compound suggests the act of being "judged within" a group or "selected by judgment." The root κριν- is an Ancient Greek root belonging to the oldest stratum of the language, with a profound presence throughout the Greek lexicon.

Cognate words sharing the root κριν- include the noun κρίσις ("judgment, decision, discernment"), κριτήριον ("standard of judgment, criterion"), κριτής ("judge"), as well as compound verbs like διακρίνω ("to separate, distinguish, discern") and ἀπο-κρίνω ("to decide, answer"). All these words retain the core meaning of separation, evaluation, and decision-making.

Main Meanings

  1. Chosen, Selected — One who has been chosen or singled out from a group due to their merit or ability.
  2. Approved, Accepted — One who has received official sanction or recognition from an authority or body.
  3. Trustworthy, Reliable — A person or thing considered valid and dependable due to proven quality.
  4. Discerning, Judicious — One who possesses the ability to judge correctly and distinguish right from wrong.
  5. Canonical, Authentic (for texts) — A text or doctrine recognized as valid and conforming to established rules.
  6. Elite, Prominent — Referring to members of a community holding a high position or having particular influence.

Word Family

krin- (root of the verb κρίνω, meaning "to separate, judge, decide")

The root krin- constitutes one of the fundamental pillars of the Ancient Greek lexicon, expressing the primary action of separation and distinction. From this initial meaning, it evolved to encompass the concepts of evaluation, judgment, selection, and decision. The ability to "separate" something leads to the ability to "judge" it and ultimately to "approve" or "reject" it. The family of words derived from this root covers a wide range of concepts, from legal and political judgment to intellectual discernment and moral evaluation, highlighting the central importance of sound judgment in Greek thought.

κρίνω verb · lex. 980
The foundational verb of the family, meaning "to separate, distinguish, discern," and by extension "to judge, decide, try." It is the basis for every concept of selection and evaluation. Used extensively from Homer to the philosophers.
κρίσις ἡ · noun · lex. 540
The act or result of κρίνω. It means "judgment, decision, discernment," but also "critical moment, crisis" (as in medicine). Directly linked to the ability to distinguish and decide.
κριτής ὁ · noun · lex. 638
One who judges, a judge, an arbiter. The person who has the authority or ability to evaluate and decide. An important term in legal and political contexts, e.g., the "Judges" of the Old Testament.
κριτήριον τό · noun · lex. 668
The means or rule by which judgment is made, the criterion. It refers to the standard or point of reference for evaluation. In philosophy, the «κριτήριον τῆς ἀληθείας» was a central issue.
διάκρισις ἡ · noun · lex. 555
The act of διακρίνω, meaning "separation, distinction, discernment." It implies the ability to perceive subtle differences and judge accurately. In the New Testament, "discernment of spirits" is a spiritual gift.
ἀπόκρισις ἡ · noun · lex. 611
The answer, decision, judgment. Derived from ἀποκρίνω ("to separate, answer"). An answer is considered a "judgment" or "decision" to a question.
ὑποκρίνω verb · lex. 1530
Originally "to interpret, explain" (e.g., dreams), then "to play a role" (as an actor), and finally "to pretend." The concept of interpretation is linked to judgment and assigning meaning.
ἀκριβής adjective · lex. 341
Meaning "exact, precise, diligent." Derived from ἀ- (privative) + κρίνω, suggesting something not separated, i.e., unified, intact, and therefore accurate and correct.
ἔγκριμα τό · noun · lex. 179
The thing that has been judged or approved. Closely related to ἔγκριτος, it refers to the outcome of the approval or selection process.
ἀνάκρισις ἡ · noun · lex. 512
Examination, interrogation, inquiry. Derived from ἀνακρίνω ("to examine, interrogate"), implying a detailed process of judgment and investigation.

Philosophical Journey

The word ἔγκριτος, though not among the most frequent, maintains a consistent presence in ancient Greek literature, signifying the value of judgment and selection in various contexts.

5th C. BCE
Thucydides
Appears in historical texts to describe distinguished citizens or soldiers. Thucydides (2.15.1) mentions «τῶν ἐγκρίτων» referring to prominent Athenians.
4th C. BCE
Plato
Used in philosophical works to denote the selection or approval of persons or laws. Plato in his «Laws» (753a) speaks of «ἐγκρίτους» as the approved guardians of the laws.
4th C. BCE
Aristotle
In his political works, Aristotle uses the term to refer to citizens deemed worthy to participate in the polis (Politics 1275b).
Hellenistic Period
Administrative Usage
The word's usage expands into administrative and legal texts, signifying official approval or recognition.
Roman Period
Koine Greek
Continues to be used in various contexts, retaining the meaning of "selected" or "approved," though with less frequency compared to other terms.
Byzantine Period
Ecclesiastical Usage
The word persists, particularly in ecclesiastical texts, to characterize texts, doctrines, or individuals approved by the Church.

In Ancient Texts

The concept of approval and distinction is captured in significant passages of ancient literature.

«τῶν ἐγκρίτων»
of the chosen/distinguished
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.15.1
«ἐγκρίτους δὲ νομοφύλακας»
approved guardians of the laws
Plato, Laws 753a
«τοὺς ἐγκρίτους πολίτας»
the approved citizens
Aristotle, Politics 1275b

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΕΓΚΡΙΤΟΣ is 708, from the sum of its letter values:

Ε = 5
Epsilon
Γ = 3
Gamma
Κ = 20
Kappa
Ρ = 100
Rho
Ι = 10
Iota
Τ = 300
Tau
Ο = 70
Omicron
Σ = 200
Sigma
= 708
Total
5 + 3 + 20 + 100 + 10 + 300 + 70 + 200 = 708

708 decomposes into 700 (hundreds) + 8 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΕΓΚΡΙΤΟΣ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy708Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology67+0+8 = 15 → 1+5 = 6 — The Hexad, the number of balance, order, and harmony, resulting from sound judgment.
Letter Count88 letters — The Octad, the number of completeness, regeneration, and perfection, associated with thorough evaluation.
Cumulative8/0/700Units 8 · Tens 0 · Hundreds 700
Odd/EvenEvenFeminine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonE-G-K-R-I-T-O-SEminent Guidance, Keen Reason, Intelligent Thought, Orderly System.
Grammatical Groups3V · 5C3 vowels (E, I, O) and 5 consonants (G, K, R, T, S), suggesting a balance between the fluidity of expression and the stability of structure.
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephyMercury ☿ / Aries ♈708 mod 7 = 1 · 708 mod 12 = 0

Isopsephic Words (708)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (708) as ἔγκριτος, but from different roots, offer an interesting glimpse into the coincidences of the Greek language.

διγόνατος
"two-kneed" or "double-jointed." Its coincidence with ἔγκριτος highlights the contrast between a physical, concrete description and the abstract concept of judgment and selection.
δορύδιον
"small spear." While ἔγκριτος concerns intellectual or social distinction, δορύδιον refers to an object with practical, military use, showcasing the diversity of words sharing the same number.
Εὐμενής
"kindly, propitious." As a proper name or adjective, it denotes a character trait that might lead to approval or acceptance, but from a different starting point than judgment.
χρή
"it is fated, necessary." This impersonal verb expresses necessity and destiny, concepts that contrast with the free will and judgment implied by ἔγκριτος.
ἐπιτροπάδην
"by way of delegation, by commission." This adverb suggests a process of delegation or assignment of authority, which often involves approval, but from the perspective of assignment rather than judgment of worth.
ἑνδεκαούγκιον
"eleven-ounce." A word referring to a specific weight measurement, emphasizing precision and quantity, in contrast to the qualitative evaluation of ἔγκριτος.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 56 words with lexarithmos 708. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford University Press, 9th ed., 1940.
  • PlatoLaws.
  • ThucydidesHistory of the Peloponnesian War.
  • AristotlePolitics.
  • Bauer, W., Arndt, W. F., Gingrich, F. W., Danker, F. W.A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. University of Chicago Press, 3rd ed., 2000.
  • Chantraine, P.Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque: histoire des mots. Klincksieck, 1968-1980.
  • Frisk, H.Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1960-1972.
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