LOGOS
PHILOSOPHICAL
μίμησις (ἡ)

ΜΙΜΗΣΙΣ

LEXARITHMOS 508

Mimesis, a pivotal concept in ancient Greek philosophy and art, describes the act of representation, imitation, or depiction. From Plato, who viewed it as an imitation of the Forms, to Aristotle, who elevated it to a fundamental human faculty and the basis of art, mimesis lies at the heart of aesthetic and metaphysical thought. Its lexarithmos (508) suggests the complexity and multifaceted nature of representation.

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Definition

According to the Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon, mimesis (from the verb mimeomai) originally means "imitation, copying, representation." This concept, though simple in its initial form, acquired immense philosophical weight in classical Greece, particularly in the works of Plato and Aristotle.

In Plato, mimesis is closely linked to the theory of Forms. The sensible world is an imitation of the world of eternal and unchanging Forms. Art, as an imitation of the sensible world, is a "mimesis of mimesis," that is, an imitation of an imitation, and thus two removes from truth. For Plato, mimesis in art can be deceptive and lead humans away from truth, although he acknowledges the utility of imitation for pedagogical purposes (e.g., imitating virtuous characters).

Aristotle, in contrast, re-evaluated the significance of mimesis, elevating it to a fundamental human faculty and a source of learning and pleasure. In his "Poetics," he argues that mimesis is innate in humans from childhood and distinguishes humans from other animals. Through mimesis, humans learn and derive pleasure from recognition and understanding. Art, and tragedy in particular, is an imitation of actions and characters, which is not mere copying but a creative representation that reveals universal truths and brings about catharsis.

Thus, from an initial descriptive concept, mimesis evolved into a central axis of the philosophy of art and knowledge, with the two great philosophers offering different, yet equally influential, interpretations of it. Its significance extended to fields such as rhetoric, music, and ethics, underscoring the universality of the human tendency to reproduce and interpret the world.

Etymology

mimesis ← mimeomai ← mim- (Ancient Greek root belonging to the oldest stratum of the language)
The root mim- is an Ancient Greek root belonging to the oldest stratum of the language, without clear external correlations outside the Greek linguistic sphere. Its primary meaning appears to be related to the idea of reproduction or resemblance. From this root, the verb mimeomai developed, which forms the core of the word mimesis.

From the root mim- and the verb mimeomai, many words are derived that retain the meaning of representation, imitation, or mimicry. Examples include the noun mimema ("copy, imitation"), the adjective mimetikos ("imitative, related to imitation"), and the noun mimetes ("one who imitates"). This family demonstrates the internal productivity of the Greek language in creating terms around a central conceptual idea.

Main Meanings

  1. Simple imitation, copying — The basic, literal meaning of the act of imitating something or someone.
  2. Artistic representation (Plato) — Art as an imitation of the sensible world, which is distant from truth (e.g., "Republic").
  3. Creative representation (Aristotle) — Art as an imitation of actions and characters that reveals universal truths and evokes catharsis (e.g., "Poetics").
  4. Pedagogical imitation — Imitation as a means of learning and character formation, especially the imitation of virtuous models.
  5. Imitation of sounds or movements — The reproduction of natural sounds, voices, or bodily movements.
  6. Imitation of lifestyle or behavior — The adoption of someone else's habits or character.
  7. Imitation in rhetoric — The imitation of the style or technique of another orator or writer.

Word Family

mim- (root of the verb mimeomai, meaning "to imitate, to represent")

The root mim- forms the core of a significant family of words in Ancient Greek, all revolving around the concept of representation, resemblance, and imitation. This root, of Ancient Greek origin, expresses the innate human tendency to reproduce, whether it be sounds, movements, behaviors, or artistic creations. From the verb mimeomai, which denotes the action, are derived nouns describing the result of imitation, adjectives characterizing that which imitates or is imitative, and compound words that enrich the semantic field.

μιμέομαι verb · lex. 216
The verb from which mimesis is derived. It means "to imitate, to copy, to represent." In Homer, it is used for imitating voices or movements, while in classical philosophy, it acquires the broader meaning of artistic or philosophical representation.
μιμητής ὁ · noun · lex. 606
One who imitates, a mime, an actor. In Plato, the artist is an imitator, while in Aristotle, the imitator is one who creates through mimesis, such as a poet.
μιμητικός adjective · lex. 698
Pertaining to imitation, having the quality of imitating. Plato uses the term "mimetic kind" for artists, while Aristotle emphasizes that humans are the "most imitative" animal.
μίμημα τό · noun · lex. 139
The result of imitation, a copy, an imitation, an image. In Platonic philosophy, the sensible world is a mimema of the Forms.
ἀμίμητος adjective · lex. 669
That which cannot be imitated, incomparable, unique. The addition of the privative a- indicates the impossibility or superiority against imitation.
ἐκμίμησις ἡ · noun · lex. 533
Complete or exact imitation, faithful representation. The prefix ek- strengthens the notion of thorough or exhaustive imitation.
μιμητέος adjective · lex. 673
That which ought to be imitated, worthy of imitation. Often used in an ethical or pedagogical context, indicating models of behavior or virtue.

Philosophical Journey

The concept of mimesis, though present since antiquity, acquired its pivotal significance through philosophical elaboration.

8th-6th C. BCE
Homeric Era
The root mim- and the verb mimeomai exist, but the concept of mimesis does not yet have the philosophical weight it would later acquire. It primarily refers to simple copying or mimicry.
5th C. BCE
Presocratics and Sophists
The concept begins to be discussed in relation to art and rhetoric. Democritus mentions the imitation of nature as a source of inventions.
4th C. BCE
Plato
Plato develops his critical theory of mimesis, considering art as a "mimesis of mimesis" and distancing it from truth, though he acknowledges its pedagogical value (e.g., "Republic," "Sophist").
4th C. BCE
Aristotle
Aristotle overturns the Platonic view, elevating mimesis to an innate human faculty, a source of learning, and the basis of art, especially tragedy, which brings about catharsis (e.g., "Poetics").
Hellenistic Period
Rhetoric and Grammar
Mimesis becomes a central concept in rhetoric and grammar, referring to the imitation of exemplary authors and orators for stylistic development.
Roman Era
Latin Literature
The Greek concept of mimesis is transferred into Latin as "imitatio," deeply influencing Roman literature and art, with writers like Cicero and Horace adopting it.

In Ancient Texts

Two of the most significant passages that defined the philosophical trajectory of mimesis come from Plato and Aristotle.

«τὸ μὲν γὰρ μιμητικὸν γένος καὶ πᾶσα ἡ μίμησις πόρρω που τῆς ἀληθείας ἐστίν.»
“For the imitative kind and all imitation is far removed from the truth.”
Plato, Republic 598b
«ἔοικε δὲ γεγενῆσθαι μὲν ἡ γένεσις τῆς ποιητικῆς ὅλως ἐκ δύο αἰτιῶν, καὶ ταῦτα φυσικῶν. τό τε γὰρ μιμεῖσθαι σύμφυτον τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐκ παιδός ἐστι, καὶ τούτῳ διαφέρουσι τῶν ἄλλων ζῴων ὅτι μιμητικώτατόν ἐστι καὶ τὰς μαθήσεις ποιεῖται διὰ μιμήσεως τὰς πρώτας.»
“It seems that the origin of poetry in general came about from two causes, and these are natural. For to imitate is inborn in humans from childhood, and in this they differ from other animals, because they are the most imitative and acquire their first lessons through imitation.”
Aristotle, Poetics 1448b 4-8

Lexarithmic Analysis

The lexarithmos of the word ΜΙΜΗΣΙΣ is 508, from the sum of its letter values:

Μ = 40
Mu
Ι = 10
Iota
Μ = 40
Mu
Η = 8
Eta
Σ = 200
Sigma
Ι = 10
Iota
Σ = 200
Sigma
= 508
Total
40 + 10 + 40 + 8 + 200 + 10 + 200 = 508

508 decomposes into 500 (hundreds) + 8 (units).

The 18 Methods

Applying the 18 traditional lexarithmic methods to the word ΜΙΜΗΣΙΣ:

MethodResultMeaning
Isopsephy508Base lexarithmos
Decade Numerology45+0+8 = 13 → 1+3 = 4. The number 4, the Tetrad, symbolizes stability, order, and completion. In the case of mimesis, it may suggest art's attempt to capture four-dimensional reality or the perfection of representation.
Letter Count77 letters. The number 7, the Heptad, is considered sacred and symbolizes completeness, spirituality, and perfection in many ancient traditions. In mimesis, it may indicate the comprehensive nature of artistic creation or the spiritual dimension of representation.
Cumulative8/0/500Units 8 · Tens 0 · Hundreds 500
Odd/EvenEvenFeminine force
Left/Right HandRightDivine (≥100)
QuotientComparative method
NotarikonM-I-M-E-S-I-SMeasure of Idea, Form, Enjoyment, Wisdom, Strength, Purpose (interpretive: “The Purpose is Measure, Idea, Form, Enjoyment, Wisdom, Strength”)
Grammatical Groups3V · 4C · 0A3 vowels (I, E, I), 4 consonants (M, M, S, S). The ratio of vowels to consonants (3:4) may suggest a balance between the fluidity of expression and the stability of form in the act of mimesis.
PalindromesNo
OnomancyComparative
Sphere of DemocritusDivination with lunar day
Zodiacal IsopsephyMars ♂ / Leo ♌508 mod 7 = 4 · 508 mod 12 = 4

Isopsephic Words (508)

Words from the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon with the same lexarithmos (508) as mimesis, but from different roots, offering interesting conceptual coincidences:

μελητέον
"that which must be cared for, attended to." The coincidence with mimesis suggests that art and representation require care and attention to be effective.
οἰητόν
"that which is thought, supposed." An interesting connection, as mimesis often creates the illusion of reality, making something "supposed" to be true.
πάθησις
"suffering, experience, affection." Mimesis, especially in tragedy, is directly linked to the evocation of emotions and the experience of pathos in spectators.
πρόσθημα
"an addition, supplement." Mimesis can be seen as an addition to reality, a supplementary representation that enriches our understanding.
ἀνάσεισμα
"a shaking, stirring up." Mimesis, particularly dramatic mimesis, can cause a "stirring up" of emotions or ideas in the audience.
ἐπίβασις
"a stepping upon, mounting, attack." Mimesis can be an "epibasis" upon reality, an attempt to master or represent it with force.

The LSJ lexicon contains a total of 36 words with lexarithmos 508. For the full catalog and AI semantic filtering, see the interactive tool.

Sources & Bibliography

  • Liddell, H. G., Scott, R., Jones, H. S.A Greek-English Lexicon. Clarendon Press, 9th ed., 1940.
  • PlatoRepublic. Translated by G. M. A. Grube, revised by C. D. C. Reeve. Hackett Publishing Company, 1992.
  • AristotlePoetics. Translated by S. H. Butcher. Dover Publications, 2007.
  • Else, G. F.Aristotle's Poetics: The Argument. Harvard University Press, 1957.
  • Hall, E.The Theatrical Cast of Athens: Interactions between Ancient Greek Drama and Society. Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Ferrari, G. R. F.Plato and the Poets. Princeton University Press, 2005.
  • Golden, L.Aristotle on Tragic and Comic Mimesis. Scholars Press, 1992.
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